1. WRITING TO ARGUE

2. What is the difference between persuading and arguing?

3. PERSUADE VS. ARGUE Persuade Argue Claims are based on opinion
Claims are based on opinions, hypotheses, and theories
These claims are not always factual
Claims are based on relevant and sufficient evidence
Use of pathos to appeal to the audience’s emotions
Use of logos – appealing to the audience through logical reasoning and evidence
Use of ethos to appeal to the audience through tone, stance and personality
Use of ethos – appealing to the audience through the writer’s reliability & credibility
Does not necessarily follow a formal structure
Follows a more formal structure
May not take opposing views into account
Includes counter arguments and rebuttals

4. OPENING ARGUMENTS For each of the openings, annotate:
The opening of an argument is important, as it sets the tone and gives the audience an idea of the quality and direction of the argument.
For each of the openings, annotate:
What is the tone in each of the openings?
How does the writer set their stall (point of view)?
What techniques are used?
How is punctuation and grammar used for effect?
What makes each of them successful?

5. In groups, discuss your given statement, and decide on…
OPENING ARGUMENTS
In groups, discuss your given statement, and decide on…
What would your argument include (for/against)?
What facts and evidence (logos) could support your ideas?
What causes and effects are there?
What counter-arguments could be included?
How could ethos be used to establish your ‘voice’?
Using your notes from the discussion, write an opening paragraph for the argument independently.
Group 1: Cigarettes and tobacco should be made illegal Group 2: Euthanasia should be made legal Group 3: The death penalty should be reintroduced in England Group 4: Parents must pass a test before they are allowed to have children

6. EVIDENCE IN ARGUMENTS Identify the cause and effects in each passage.
Highlight the language used which helps to organise ideas into a logical order (logos)
Highlight the language which shows credibility and appeals to the audience (ethos)
What is the importance of including cause and effect when making an argument?

7. LONGER SCHOOL DAYS
Who are the three main groups discussed in the article?
What are the three main arguments made?
Highlight where the writer has used evidence to support their points.
What are the effects discussed?
Which techniques has the writer used to add flair to their arguments? Highlight and annotate them in a different colour.

8. X FACTOR
‘Talent shows like The X Factor provide cheap television, gossip and nothing of any value. There are better programmes than these.’ Argue for or against the views expressed in this quotation. Your piece will appear on the entertainment pages of a website.

9. HOMEWORK
Watch the GCSEPod videos on Writing to Argue, and write down notes in bullet-point form
Audience
Form & Content
Language
Register
Structure