1. Chapter 21
America the Great War

2. FOREIGN POLICY

4. Great White Fleet

5. TR believes in civilized and uncivilized countries
Civilized: industrial
N & W Europe & Japan

6. Russo-Japanese
War
1906 Nobel Prize

8. 1902 Venezuela reneged on money owed to Great Britain & Germany
Each sends ships to blockade ports
Germans fire
Teddy uses the fleet to threaren the Germans off

9. I’m worried about European powers getting a foothold into Latin America

10. Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
US can intervene if neighbor is unable to maintain order or if independence is threatened

11. Dominican Republic
*$22 million debt
*US takes custom house-collects tariffs
*pays off debts

13. US intervenes:
Mexico Cuba Nicaragua Haiti

15. Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
1901
US and England agree to build a canal

16. Have to pick site

17. Us negotiates treaty with Columbia
$10 million down
¼ million per year
Get 6 mile wide zone

18. Philippe Bunau- Varilla

19. Philippe-Varilla organizes revolt
TR lands Marines to maintain order
Send USS Nashville to stop Columbian ships

20. USS Nashville

21. TR recognizes new government-negotiates treaty with Panama rep:
$10 million
$1/4 per year

23. Dollar Diplomacy

24. Taft’ policy:
Investments/loans to keep countries friendly and prosperous

25. Wilson:
Diplomacy and morality
*sends Marines to Haiti 1915 *sets up military government in Dominican Republic *buys West Indies from Denmark

26. Mexico

27. Porfirio Diaz

28. Francisco Madero

29. Victoriano Huerta

30. Venustiano Carranza

31. Pancho Villa

32. Emiliano Zapata

33. John J. “Black Jack” Pershing

35. Queen Victoria of England

36. Victoria’s grandchildren:
Maud-Queen of Norway
Sophie-Queen of Greece
Marie-Queen of Romania
Alexandra-Czarina of Russia
Wilhelm-Kaiser of Germany
George-King of England

37. King George and Tsar Nicolas

38. Assassinated by Black Hand
Garvilio Princip
June 28, 1914

39. “impartial in thought as well as deed”

40. Why neutral?
Use position as moral, neutral country to bring a peace agreement
$ as neutral you can trade with everybody

42. Why does Wilson ignore British violation of neutral rights?
*pro British
*Small trade with Germany
*Growing trade with GB & France

43. United States Trade with Nations at War
(millions of dollars)
Nation
Great Britain ,527
France
Italy
Germany less than 1

45. Lusitania

47. May 7, 1915
1198 killed
128 Americans
Sank in 18 minutes

49. National Defense Act 1916
*raise army 90,000 to 223,000
*National guard to 440,000
Naval Defense Act 1916
$500 million

50. Election of 1916
Woodrow Wilson
Charles Evans Hughes

51. Wilson:
“He kept us out of war”

52. “Peace without victory”
January 1917
Wilson to Congress
“Peace without victory”

53. January 31,1917 – Germany unrestricted submarine warfare
February 25,1917 – Zimmerman Telegram
March – Czar overthrown

54. April 2,1917 Wilson asks for War declaration
373 to 50 House
82 to 6 Senate

55. Cost of War: $32 billion
How to pay:
“Liberty Bonds”
New Taxes
$23 billion
$10 billion

56. Council of National Defense
Sets up boards to organize different areas of war effort
War Industry Board
Food Board
Fuel Board

57. Selective Service Act
May 1917
2.8 million men drafted

58. General John J. Pershing

59. A.E.F. leaves for France

60. Register on line for the AP Test February 1 – 27
Lafayette we are here

61. Alvin York

63. American Action
The Battle of Chateau-Thierry & Belleau-Wood- June 6-26, Stops last German offensive-
Marines take highest casualties- 1,811 dead

64. Argonne Americans take St. Mihiel 7,000 causalities
Attack Argonne on September 26, 1918
Open with a barrage from 3, 928 guns
1 Million Americans fight
120,000 Casualties
Big reason for the armistice

65. Meuse-Argonne

67. November 1918
*German Army at state of collapse
*German Navy mutinies
*Kaiser abdicates
*Socialist revolts in German cities
*November 11, 1918 war ends

68. Peace Movement & Government *Espionage Act *Sabotage Act *Sedition Act
1500 arrested
Targets: Socialist, German-Amer.

69. Schenck v. United States
*Schenck sent circulars to draftees *Oliver Wendell Holmes: “the most stringent protection of free speech would not
a man in falsely shouting fire in theater. . .”

70. 14 POINTS
* 8 border adjustments *5 general principles free seas no secret treaties reduce arms free trade impartial mediator

71. League of Nations

72. Problems: *England/France must have compensation
*Wilson makes 1918 elections a vote on his leadership
*Wilson won’t take any Republicans with him

73. Peace Conference at Versailles

74. Big Four

75. Big Four
*David Lloyd George – England
*Georges Clemenceau – France
*Vittorio Orlando – Italy
*Woodrow Wilson - US
Germany not invited!!!

76. Treaty of Versailles
*no freedom of seas *no self-determination *Reparations $56 billion *War guilt clause *German colonies in trusteeship *League of Nations

77. Senate problems with treaty:
*Want to modify so US not required to jump into all international problems
*make sure League not a challenge to Monroe Doctrine

78. Senator Henry Cabot Lodge

79. Wilson goes on Tour
9/3/1919- Embarks on a 8,000 mile tour
35 speeches in 22 days
Wilson has a stroke in Pueblo, Col 10/2/1919

81. Senate led by Republican Henry Cabot Lodge defeat Treaty
Nov 19, yea 55 nays
March 20, 1920 Final Rejection 35 yeas 49 nays
Signed separate Peace w/ Germany in 1921

82. Post-war Problems
*Economic: boom to inflation to recession
strikes Seattle ship workers Steel workers

83. Reasons for strikes:
Inflation reduces purchasing power
Recession causes unemployment
Promised raises refused

84. Boston Police Strike
“there is no right to strike against the public safety by anyone, anywhere, any time”

85. *Race –lynching increases 70 in 1919
*Race riots
Chicago 15 Whites
23 Blacks
Nationwide 120 deaths

86. United Negro Improvement Association
Marcus Garvey
United Negro Improvement Association

87. Back to Africa Movement

88. American Communist Party
*RED SCARE
American Communist Party
Sacco and Vanzetti

90. Election of 1920

91. Republicans:
Warren G. Harding
Return to Normalcy

92. Florence Harding

93. Democrats

94. Franklin D. Roosevelt
James Cox