1. The United States in WW2: Mobilizing for Defense
Chapter 17, Section 1 Notes

2. Objectives: Explain how the US expanded its armed forces in WW2
Describe the wartime mobilization of industry, labor, scientists, and the media
Trace the efforts of the US govt. to control the economy and deal with subversion

3. Americans Join the War Effort
After Pearl Harbor, Americans jammed recruiting offices
Remember Pearl Harbor!
5 million volunteers
Selective Service System
Expanded the draft
10 million more soldiers to meet demand
Eight weeks of training

4. Expanding the Military
Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC)
Created by Army Chief of Staff General George Marshall
Women volunteers serve in non-combat positions
Nurses, ambulance drivers, radio operators, electricians, and pilots
350,000 women served

6. Diversity in the Armed Forces
Despite racial tension, minorities made dramatic contributions to armed forces
Mexican-, African-, Asian-, and Native
1 million African Americans served
Served in segregated units, limited to noncombat roles until 1943

8. A Production Miracle Automobile plants…
Produced tanks, planes, boats, and command cars.
End of private automobile production
Factories now for war production
Production occurred at record breaking speeds
Henry Kaiser produced Liberty ships in 40 days
Using “prefab” parts

9. The Building of Liberty Ships

11. Labor’s Contribution
Despite the draft, nearly 18 million workers were laboring in war industries
6 million of these workers were women
Earned less and could operate machines
“Rosie the Riveter” campaign
Encourage women to join workforce

13. Women in WWII

15. Labor’s Contribution Defense plants also hired minorities
Faced strong prejudice at first
African-American Labor Leader A. Philip Randolph
proposed a march on Washington to fight discrimination
FDR issued an executive order calling on employers to hire w/o discrimination

16. Mobilization of Scientists
FDR creates Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD)
Bring scientists into the war effort
Improvements in radar, sonar
Miracle Drugs like penicillin
Secret development of the atomic bomb
The Manhattan Project – code name

17. Economic Controls FDR created the Office of Price Admin.
Fought inflation by freezing prices
Raised the income tax
Up to 88% in the highest bracket!
War Production Board
Allocated raw materials
collected scrap iron, tin cans, and paper to recycle into war goods

19. Rationing
Rationing
establishing fixed allotments of goods deemed essential for the military
Homes received ration books with coupons to buy goods
Meat, shoes, sugar, coffee, and gas
Americans accepted rationing-personal contribution to war effort
Workers carpooled or rode bicycles

22. DISCRIMINATION AND RACISM DURING AND AFTER WAR

23. AFRICAN AMERICANS
Defended their nation by joining the military and defense industries
Founded CORE-Congress of Racial Equality
Staged sit-ins and improved race relations

24. MEXICAN AMERICANS Defended their nation by joining the military
Zoot Suit Rebellion against tradition

25. Zoot Suit

26. JAPANESE AMERICANS Defended their nation by joining the military
Fought against relocation
Founded the Japanese Americans Citizens League (JACL)
Sought compensation for those forced in internment camps

27. Japanese Internment War relocation Authority
Camps located in western states
Also relocation camps for German Americans and Italian Americans.
1944 Supreme Court upheld constitutionality

28. Japanese Internment Camp

30. WWII: A Time for Advancement; A Time for Discrimination
All minority groups played a critical role in WWII
It was a stepping stone for modern day civil rights
It was also a time of extreme discrimination
Segregation, Pay inequalities, Internment camps.

31. Check For Understanding
Preparation for War,