1. Fish Heath Management Lab 3: Hematology
February 23rd. 2009

2. Cold Blooded Vertebrates Pokilotherms
Primary site of hematopoiesis is anterior fourth of the ___________
Spleen is an accessory area of hematopoiesis as well as the site for blood cell destruction
Bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes serve this function in warm blooded vertebrates
Various types of blood cells in head kidney:

4. Blood Cell Types Hemocytoblasts- Stem Cell or blast cells
Erythrocytes- Red Blood Cells
Carries Oxygen
Leukocytes- White Blood Cells

5. Erythrocytes Primary Function: ____________
Elongated elliptical cell: m long by 7-10 wide m
Nucleus centrally located, elliptical in shape
Immature erythrocytes
less elliptical with bluish-gray cytoplasm

6. Ghost Cells Artifact of Sampling Not defined
Breakdown and waste of cells

7. Leukocytes
________ System Response
Coagulation
Hard to differentiate

8. Lymphocytes Usually sparse in blood cell smear Spherical in shape
Eccentrically located spherical nucleus

9. Neutrophils (Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes)
Only __________ leukocyte present in rainbow trout
Origin and function of theses cells not well understood
Accounts for ______of total leukocytes
Average diameter is 9-13 m
____________ nucleus (2-5 lobes)

10. Thrombocytes Occur in various shapes and sizes
___________ m long
__________ – streaked cytoplasm on one end
___________- streaked cytoplasm on both ends
___________- dense nuclei, little or no cytoplasm

11. Monocytes and Macrophages
Large: 9-25 m
Macrophages: tissue dwelling monocytes
Not usually seen in blood
Monocytes are indistinguishable from _________ once in tissue
Cytoplasm often has _________ and a large nucleus

12. Kidney Imprint
Shows various stages of hematopoiesis

13. Blood Sampling
Non-Lethal
Lethal

14. Blood Assessment Three things to assess:
All leukocytes
Hemoglobin
What’s left (proteins, Ab, Ag, hormones, etc.)
Variations in each indices can be caused by species, sex, age, temperature, clotting, water quality, or season

15. Hematocrit Readings Normal Low High Dependent upon species 25-40%
Indicates anemia, hemorrhaging, gill damage, osmoregulation impairment
<15%
High
Indicates stress, dehydration, concentrated hemoglobin
>40%

16. Lab Procedure Take blood from caudal artery
Use one tube for blood smear
Seal other with CritoSeal at vacant end
Measure % of both WBCs and RBCs
Tissue imprints

17. Tissue Imprints Cut a small piece of Tissue
Using forceps, create imprints by touching tissue to slide in succession
Let air dry 1 minute
K L S
Fish 1

18. Stain Using Diff Quick
Fix slides in Solution A (Methyl Alcohol) for 10 minutes
Dip slides in Solution B 25 times
Dip slides in Solution C 25 times
Wash with DDI water
Dry and examine the slides