1. Glaciation of Canada

2. Glaciers
Definition = large, moving mass of ice that shapes the landscape by eroding, transporting, and depositing huge volumes of rocks and sediments

3. Glaciers and the Great Lakes
COVERING ALL OF CANADA! (Except highest peaks)

5. How Glaciers Move
Pressure underneath glacier + gravity = moving glacier

6. Formation ice moves like a very thick liquid Three Zones
Zone of Accumulation (more new snow than melting & evaporation)
Balance Area or Equilibrium Line (No change)
Zone of Ablation (more melting than new snow)

9. There are two types of Glaciers
ALPINE
CONTINENTAL
Their movement is mainly due to gravity
Some still exist in the western mountains
They move due to their own weight
The northern ice cap is one of these

10. U-Shaped Valley
Glaciers pass through jagged mountain valleys making them smooth and u-shaped after the ice retreats.

11. Striations
Rocks are carried in the bottom of a glacier act like cutting tools.
The direction of these grooves shows which way the glacier traveled.

12. Till
This is the material picked up and carried by the glacier. It is made up of everything from very fine particles of sand, to huge boulders.

13. Till Plain
When the ice melts and leaves a layer of till behind, it is called a till plain. It is flat or gently rolling. They are very useful as farmland, due to the rich deep soil left behind.

14. Moraines
These are ridges of till left either at the front or sides of a glacier as it retreats.
Oak Ridges Moraine

15. Drumlin
These are egg shaped hills of deposited material from a glacier.

16. Erratic: Large rock carried by the ice.

17. Esker
A long sinuous ridge of sand and gravel deposited by water flowing under a glacier or ice sheet.

18. Kettle Lakes: Former ice blocks that have melted

19. Kame: Material deposited through holes in the ice