1. Energy

2. Energy
Capacity to do work
Ability to do something

3. Energy Sources
Fossil Fuels
Nuclear
Solar

4. Energy Sources
Wind
Biomass
Hydropower
Geothermal

5. Energy Types Renewable Nonrenewable
Energy source that can easily be replenished
Nonrenewable
Energy source that can not be easily replenished

6. Energy Measures Joule, J Watt, W
Basic unit of energy, used in all areas of science
Energy needed to lift an apple up 1m high
Watt, W
Basic unit of power, amount of energy used per time
100W lightbulb uses 100J every second

7. Energy Measures Kilowatt Hour, kWh British Thermal Units, Btu
commonly used to measure electricity
Energy needed for 100W light bulb for 10hrs
British Thermal Units, Btu
Measure of heat (energy)
Amount of energy needed to raise 1lb of water by 1°F
1kWh = 3412 Btu

8. Energy Production
In 2015, the World consumed about 542 quadrillion Btu
US consumed about 97 quadrillion Btu of energy in 2016
About 18% of the world consumption

9. Energy Consumption Energy is consumed in 4 main areas or sectors.
Industrial, 32%
Transportation, 29%
Residential, 21%
Commercial, 19%

11. Electric Generators
An Electric Generator converts Mechanical Energy (motion) into Electrical Energy
General Idea
A loop of wire rotates through a magnetic field
According to Faraday’s Law of Induction, a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force

12. Electric Generators

13. How do you get it to turn?
The hard part of generating energy is getting the rotating part (rotor) to turn
Each energy source does this differently, but still needs to achieve the same outcome

14. Wind Power
Wind moves the turbine

15. Hydropower
Moving water turns a turbine

16. Fossil Fuels
Burning fossil fuels heats water, turning it into steam which then is used to turn a turbine

17. Nuclear
A nuclear reaction generates heat that is used to turn water to steam, that is then used to turn a turbine

18. Biomass
Burning biomass material heats water, turning it into steam which then is used to turn a turbine

19. Concentrated Solar Power
Large amounts of light is concentrated through reflection, onto a small area to heat water into steam to turn a turbine

20. Electric Motors
Electric Motors convert electrical energy to mechanical energy
Opposite of generator

21. Car Engines
An internal combustion engine uses fossil fuels to generate mechanical energy
Air is mixed with gasoline and then ignited so that a controlled mini explosion can move pistons to rotate a crankshaft

22. Car Engines Air is added to piston chamber(I)
Air is compressed and fuel is injected (II)
Spark ignites fuel/air mixture, rapidly expansion drives piston (III)
Combustion products are removed as exhaust (IV)

23. Internal Combustion Engine Types
Inline V6
Flat Four

25. Converting Energy
Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy can not be created or destroyed
In order to do anything we have to harness energy from somewhere and convert it into a usable form

26. Energy Types Kinetic – Energy of Motion (Mechanical)
Potential – Stored Energy
Chemical
Electrical
Heat
Light

27. Human Body

28. Simple Machines
Lever
Wheel and Axle
Inclined Plane

29. Simple Machines
Pulley
Wedge
Screw

30. Examples Jawbreakers Shovels and spades Engines Cake Sprinkles
Breath Mints
Multi-tool

32. Rube Goldberg
Rube Goldberg was Pulitzer Prize winning cartoonist best known for his crazy invention cartoons.
He came up with really complex ways to complete a simple task

33. Rube Goldberg

34. Rube Goldberg

35. Rube Goldberg

36. Rube Goldberg in Commercials
Video 1
Video 2