1. FLUID FLOW TYPICAL ENGINEERING PROBLEMS:
given some inlet conditions, estimate the exit conditions from a system
given the flow conditions, estimate the forces generated by the flow
estimate the power generated or consumed by a flow system
T W DAVIES

2. FLUID FLOW ANSWERS PROVIDED BY:
THE APPLICATION OF THE THREE CONSERVATION EQUATIONS:
MASS ( CONTINUITY EQUATION)
FORCE/MOMENTUM ( NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION)
MECHANICAL ENERGY ( BERNOULLI EQUATION)
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3. CONTROL VOLUME CONCEPT
AN ARBITRARY VOLUME OF FLOWING FLUID
BOUNDED BY A COMPLETELY POROUS CONTROL SURFACE
CONSTRUCT BALANCES ON THE FLUID IN THE CONTROL VOLUME
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4. CONSERVATION OF MASS usually referred to as the CONTINUITY EQUATION
MASS FLOW OUT = MASS FLOW IN PLUS ACCUMMULATION (OR LOSS) OF MASS WITHIN THE CONTROL VOLUME
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5. CONTINUITY STEADY STATE FLOWS INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS
m =  1U1A1 = 2U2A2 kg/s
INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOWS
LIQUIDS AND LOW SPEED GASES
Q = U1A1 = U2A2 m3/s
T W DAVIES

6. FORCE-MOMENTUM BALANCE
NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION
APPLIED TO FLUID IN A CONTROL VOLUME
SUM OF FORCES ACTING ON THE CV =
RATE OF CHANGE OF MOMENTUM OF THE FLUID IN THE CV
RATE OF CHANGE OF MOMENTUM =
MOMENTUM FLOW OUT - MOMENTUM FLOW IN
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7. FORCE-MOMENTUM BALANCE
APPLY IN A FIXED DIRECTION
BE RIGOROUS WITH SIGN CONVENTION
MOMENTUM FLOW = MASS FLOW RATE X VELOCITY
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8. FORCE- MOMENTUM BALANCE
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION
JET IMPACT
JET THRUST
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9. FORCE-MOMENTUM BALANCE
FORCES ON STATIONARY EQUIPMENT
THE NOZZLE
THE PIPE REDUCER
THE BEND
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10. FORCE-MOMENTUM BALANCE
FORCES ON MOVING EQUIPMENT
THE TURBINE BLADE
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11. THE GENERAL FLOW PROBLEM
CONTINUITY
FORCE-MOMENTUM
BERNOULLI
T W DAVIES