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Development of a standard library of background simulation codes

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1 Development of a standard library of background simulation codes
JRA1 WP2 The second WP inside the joint research activity 1 of ILIAS about Low background Techniques for Deep underground Science is devoted to the Development of a standard library of background simulation codes in close connection to the other WP whose main objective is to measure environmental background, radioactivity of materials and to collect data. This codes will be used to quantify the components of the various environmental backgrounds in underground sites as well as in a variety of experiments and conditions, with a view to interpreting current data and designing new underground experiments. Development of a standard library of background simulation codes

2 Annex I description of work
Specific objectives Participants 4 years execution plan Special Cross-links First of all, let me remind you what was agreed in the description of work of project ILIAS on the WP2 of JRA1 (Low background Techniques for Deep underground Science). There were describe in a general way the specific objectives, the participants in the WP and a planning for the four years. I will mention also the relation of this package to other ILIAS activities. 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

3 Specific objectives To produce a reliable and well tested Monte Carlo library of simulation codes to identify and quantify the components of the various environmental backgrounds in underground sites as well as in a variety of experiments and conditions, with a view to interpreting current data and designing new underground experiments. The joint research effort should optimise the know-how of the different participants; experimental results from WP1 will be essential to validate the library codes. A coherent and tested library codes will be made available for the users of the Labs; The codes will be interfaced with the database from WP1. We could summarize the objectives in a few words: the creation of a coherent and well tested library of MC codes available for all the users of the underground labs. 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

4 Participants Organisation Short name Role Universidad de Zaragoza
UNIZAR Coordination of WP2 Study and implementation of MC background simulation codes University of Sheffield USFD Deputy coordination of WP2 Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique & Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CEA & CNRS Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare INFN Technische Universität München TUM MC simulation codes for neutron background Among the participant signatories to the ILIAS contract we find the groups supporting the Underground labs in Europe: UZ as coordinator of the WP and Sheffield as deputy coordinator, le …. And the INPF. All of them will work on the study and implementation of MC codes. Another group, “die Technische Universität in München” seem to be more interested on neutrons. I will make use of this transparency to remind you that it would be great for us, as coordinators of the WP, will to have the name of a local coordinator. ¿Se habla sobre experimetnos y laboratorios? 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

5 Other entities foreseen to contribute
Organisation Role: Contribution to Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Study and test of MC background simulation codes Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Study and test of MC background simulation codes (neutrons) University of Dortmund Study and test of MC background simulation codes (gammas and neutrons) University of Silesia MC simulation codes for neutrons and muons Politecnico di Milano Neutron background simulation Of course, we do not want to exclude those groups from other entities ……mainly interested in neutron simulation. 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

6 Year 1 Existing codes compared and discussed.
Platform, language and structure of the library fixed. First set of MC codes for relevant background components and instrumentation ready. Tasks Milestones and deliverables Well, we now in outline who we are. Now I will exposed what we have planned to do in the followinf four years (form April 2004). This year we are collecting the most used codes. We must compare the codes ( with experimental data and also with other codes) and discuss these results. We have also to agree a platform, language and structure for the library of codes where to locate the first set of MC codes. The deliverables of this year will be a first version of MC libraries and a technical report. First “test” version of MC libraries implemented. Technical report prepared. 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

7 Year 2 MC codes tested on second survey of background measurements from WP1. Program of refinement of the codes and documentation defined. Tasks Milestones and deliverables During the second year be will use the data of the measurements of background forma WP1 to test and refined the codes in order to get a second version of standard libraries. Second “test” version of standard MC libraries implemented (completely tested on data from WP1 Technical report prepared. 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

8 Year 3 MC tested on second survey of background measurements from WP1 Tasks Milestones and deliverables The third year will mean a higher refinement of codes with new experimental data and a final version of the codes ready to be used on any lab. Final version of standard MC codes implemented on computing infrastructures of each lab. 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

9 Year 4 Open the MC library to the Underground Lab users.
Complete and make available to the users the relevant documentation. Tasks Milestones and deliverables The last year we will distribute the codes (and the documentation) among the Underground labs users. MC library to the Underground Lab users. Complete documentation available. 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

10 Development of a standard
Special Cross-links JRA1-WP2 Development of a standard library of background simulation codes JRA2(IDEA) WP3-B1 N3-BSNS Of course, we will be working together with the other WP of JRA1, but we should also share simulation works with the WP (Background simulation and neutron shielding) of the network N3 on Dark Matter and with the WP-B1 (materials activation simulation) of JRA2( Integrated double beta decay) Background Simulation, Neutron-Shield and Muon-Vetos Study on Cosmogenic Induced Activity 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

11 Departure line Identified sources of background Some standard codes
Publications Comparison with experimental data Most of the groups have been working on simulations up to now, therefore there is a departure line for the WP2. The main sources of background affecting the experiments have been identified. To simulate the effect of these sources to experiments a reduced number of MC codes have been widely used for specific tasks. Many of the results of simulations and also of comparison with experimental data have been published. Let’s see these points in detail. 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

12 Sources of background rock Additional sources Radon Surface
Cosmogenic activation rock Rock and materials Contamination Alpha, Beta Gamma Neutrons: fission and a,n Cosmic Rays Muons m-induced Neutrons Detector We can consider three main sources of background: -Cosmic Rays, mainly high energy muons whose signal can be identified and rejected by a veto system. External and internal (also vetoed) background from neutrons produced by cosmic-ray muons and their secondaries in the rock, shielding and detector components. - Radioactive contaminants (mainly U/Th/K traces ) in the rock, detector and shielding materials: external neutron and gamma background arising from U/Th/K traces in the rock surrounding dark matter detectors; and internal background of neutrons, gammas, betas and alphas from radioactive contamination of detector components and shielding; Some special cases of external and internal backgrounds should also be mentioned which are also common to practically all experiments: gamma, alpha and neutron backgrounds from radon, accumulated in air and detector components; background arising from surface contamination of the target materials and detector vessels; activation of detector components by cosmic-rays at the surface. Some of these backgrounds, i.e. gammas, betas and partly alphas, can be rejected using discrimination techniques. This is not the case of neutrons which can mimic the WIMP signal. This is he reason for which the study of the neutron background is a matter of increasing activity. 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

13 Standard Codes Alpha, beta and gamma background Widely used GEANT4
Advanced example for underground physics Most of the standard codes are quite fair to handle the alfa, beta and gamma interactions. Maybe the most widely used is GEANT4 developed in CERN. In the web page and in the documentation you can even find an Advanced example for underground physics 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

14 Standard Codes Neutron background Measurement n at lab
Rate and spectrum for 238U fission and (a,n) n flux and spectrum at lab counting rates at detector rock activity For neutrons the situation is more complicated. Let us consider the case of neutrons coming forma radioactivity of the rock: Now we are using SOURCES (form LANL) to compute the rate and spectrum of the fission and (a,n) processes MCNP (TUM, Lyon, Saclay and others) or FLUKA (Sheffield, TUM, Milan, Zaragoza) to simulate the neutron propagation and GEANT4 (Sheffield, RAL, ICL, Zaragoza, Milan) to study the neutron interactions. So we will obtain the n flux and spectrum at lab which could be tested in experimental measurements. It is necessary again to use MCNP and GEANT (propagation and interaction) to calculate the counting rates at detector (new test). Theory Calculation SOURCES FLUKA MCNP GEANT4 FLUKA MCNP GEANT4 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

15 Muon induced Neutron background
Measurement muons at lab Flux and spectrum for muons under-ground Flux and spectrum of induced neutrons counting rates at detector muons For neutrons induced by muons we are using even more codes. Given a sea-leel flux of muons, the codes MUSIC, MUSUN, SIAM and FLUKA calculate the underground flux of muons. Here we should carried out experimental measurements at lab. FLUKA (and probably GEANT4) can be used to get the flux and spectra of induced neutrons known the muon flux (or vice versa). Finally, again MCNP, FLUKA and GEANT4 for the transport in materials and interactions in the detector. Calculation MUSIC, MUSUN, SIAM, FLUKA FLUKA modified -GEANT3 GEANT4 MCNP GEANT4 GEANT3 FLUKA 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

16 Other codes Cosmogenic induced activity IDEA web- page
Another source of internal contamination in the induced activity by sea-level cosmic rays (cosmic neutrons mainly) which could take years to disappear The study of these codes has been undertaken inside the JRA2 (IDEA) by the WP3-B1. 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

17 Publications H. Wulandari et al. Proceedings of IDM2002 (York, UK, 2-6 September 2002), p. 464. G. Chardin and G. Gerbier. Proceedings of IDM2002 (York, UK, 2-6 September 2002), p. 470. V. Kudryavtsev et al. Proceedings of IDM2002 (York, UK, 2-6 September 2002), p. 476. V. A. Kudryavtsev et al. NIM in Phys. Res. A, 505 (2003) 688. G. Gerbier. Talk at TAUP-2003; see TAUP-2003 web-site. S. Cebrian. Talk at TAUP-2003; see TAUP-2003 web-site. H. Wulandari. PhD thesis – TUM (2003). H. Wulandari et al, hep-ex/ H. Wulandari et al, Astrop. Phys. in press, hep-ex/ J. M. Carmona et al. Astr Phys. 21 (2004) 523.. M. J. Carson et al. Astr. Phys. (2004), in press; hep-ph/ As you can see from the publications list up to now, there is a great activity on the field. 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

18 Comparison experimental results
Published neutron flux measurements at Gran Sasso, Modane, Canfranc, CPL (Korea) and others. Planned neutron flux measurements at Gran Sasso, Modane, Canfranc, Boulby as proposed in JRA1 (ILIAS). Measurements of muon-induced neutrons at various depths underground: neutron yields, energy spectra, lateral distributions etc.: LVD, KARMEN, LSD etc. Measurements of muon-induced neutrons using active vetoes for dark matter detectors (existing and planned): Canfranc, Modane, Boulby, Gran Sasso. And also on the comparison of simulations to experimental results. 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

19 First plan of work and deliverables
Analysis of MC codes. Comparison experimental data Deliverables 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

20 Analysis of MC codes To identify the tasks for which the code is suitable. To compare simulations results of different codes . Problems, bugs and questions. 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

21 Outputs from the simulations: to check
n flux and spectrum before detector Measurement n at lab Rate and spectrum for 238U fission and (a,n) Rate and spectrum for 238U fission and (a,n) n flux and spectrum at lab n flux and spectrum at lab counting rates at detector counting rates at detector rock activity Theory Calculation SOURCES MCNP GEANT4 MCNP GEANT4 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

22 Outputs from the simulations: to check
n yields Measurement muons at lab n flux and spectrum before detector Flux and spectrum for muons under-ground Flux and spectrum for muons under-ground Flux and spectrum of induced neutrons Flux and spectrum of induced neutrons counting rates at detector counting rates at detector muons Calculation MUSIC, MUSUN, SIAM, FLUKA FLUKA modified -GEANT3 GEANT4 MCNP GEANT4 GEANT3 FLUKA 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

23 Comparison experimental data
To compare, if possible, simulation results of each code with available experimental data. To use the JRA1-WP1 data on background contributions to compare with codes simulations. 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

24 Inputs for the simulations: from JRA1/N2
Measurement n at lab Measurement n at lab Rate and spectrum for 238U fission and (a,n) n flux and spectrum at lab counting rates at detector rock activity rock activity Theory Calculation SOURCES MCNP GEANT4 MCNP GEANT4 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

25 Relevant features of codes: to be examined
Physic model for neutrons: processes, data libraries, energy ranges Geometry capabilities Biasing options (to save CPU time) Energy detection capabilities: nuclear recoil? Support, availability of code source … Measurement n at lab Rate and spectrum for 238U fission and (a,n) n flux and spectrum at lab counting rates at detector rock activity Theory Calculation SOURCES MCNP GEANT4 MCNP GEANT4 MCNP GEANT4 MCNP GEANT4 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

26 Relevant features of codes: to be examined
Measurement muons at lab Physic model for neutrons: processes, data libraries, energy ranges Physic model for muons: nuclear reactions? Geometry capabilities Biasing options (to save CPU time) Energy detection capabilities: nuclear recoil? Support, availability of code source … Measurement n at lab Flux and spectrum for muons under-ground Flux and spectrum of induced neutrons counting rates at detector muons Calculation MUSIC, MUSUN, SIAM, FLUKA Calculation MUSIC, MUSUN, SIAM, FLUKA FLUKA modified -GEANT3 GEANT4 FLUKA modified -GEANT3 GEANT4 MCNP GEANT4 GEANT3 FLUKA MCNP GEANT4 GEANT3 FLUKA 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

27 Deliverables To create a web-page for the working group with :
information about the code comparison and “evaluated” results. A code repository containing the codes and modified programs To use the JRA1-WP1 data on background contributions to compare with codes simulations. List of publications. Technical report on the first analysis of codes 15/11/2018 IDM Gloria Luzón (LSC)

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