1. “When you listen to a witness, you become a witness.” ― Elie Wiesel

2. Holocaust = Concentration Camps
ALL Jews went to Concentration Camps
All non-Jewish Germans were Nazi supporters
No one helped the Jews
Jews did not fight back
Holocaust happened only in Germany
Holocaust Survivor means Concentration Camp Survivor

3. KEY TERMS
Resistance-the refusal to accept or comply with something; the attempt to prevent something by action or argument.
Partisan-a strong supporter of a party, cause, or person.
Ghetto- During World War II, ghettos were city districts (often enclosed) in which the Germans concentrated the city and sometimes regional Jewish population
Holocaust-destruction or slaughter on a mass scale

4. RESISTANCE: People, Groups and Events
Tuvia Bielski (Jewish)
Oskar Schindler and Chiune Sugihara (Non-Jews)
White Rose (German Non-Jews) and Zegota (Polish Non-Jews)
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Polish Jews)

5. “I knew what I took upon myself and I was prepared to lose my life by so doing.”
Hans Scholl, leader of The White Rose resistance group at his execution in 1943.

6. TUVIA BIELSKI * Served in WWI in German army
* Served in WWII for Polish Army until Nazi occupy Poland then fled
* Led Polish Jewish group called Bielski Partisans
* Saved 1200 Jews hiding in Polish forest for 2 years
* Built school, hospital, and shelter
* Some sabotage activities (railroads, roads used as supply routes)
* Survived war and moved to New York
* Passed away in 1987 (81 years old)

7. OSKAR SCHINDLER German Industrialist Member of Nazi party
Opened a factory in Poland that was VERY successful
Factory included Jewish employees
Spent his fortune in bribery, gifts to German officials to save 1200 Jewish employees
Schindler’s List
Dies in Germany (66 years old) and buried in Israel
Oskar Schindler

8. CHIUNE SUGIHARA Japanese diplomat to Lithuania in 1939
Assigned to be Japan’s “eyes and ears” to report on Germany’s movements
Spent hours a day handwriting the visas
Issued travel visas for 6,000 Jews to travel to Japan
Returned to Japan and continued diplomatic work
Died at age of 86 years old
Chiune Sugihara

9. Irena Sendler Irena Sendler Polish nurse and social worker
Head of the children’s section of the Zegota
Smuggled approximately 2,500 Jewish Children out of the Warsaw Ghetto
Provided them with false identity documents and shelter outside the Ghetto.
With the exception of diplomats who issued visas, Sendler saved more Jews than any other individual during the Holocaust.
Arrested by the Gestapo, she was tortured and sentenced to death, but she evaded execution.
Died in 2008 at the age of 98
Irena Sendler

10. WHITE ROSE Sophie Scholl
University of Munich non-Jewish students led by brother and sister-Hans and Sophie Scholl
White Rose represented purity and innocence in face of evil.
Non-violent resistance
Distributed a series of 6 leaflets calling for change and warning Germans against the evil of Hitler’s government . Leaflets were distributed in Munich and other areas of country via couriers
Graffiti campaign “Down with Hitler”
Captured in 1943 and executed via guillotine

11. ZEGOTA
Polish Catholic activists to aid Jews. Only organization of its type during war.
Operated mostly in Warsaw, Poland
Gave food, money, false identity papers, placed children in foster homes and orphanages
Saved up to 50,000 Jewish lives in Poland
700 members executed for aiding Jews.
Members of Zegota in 1946

12. FIGHTING BACK IN THE CAMPS
SOBIBOR UPRISING-
After many months of planning, prisoners overtook camp, 300 escaped and 50 former prisoners survived the war.
AUSCHWITZ UPRISING-
Women prisoners smuggled gunpowder out of factory where they worked. The collected explosives were to be used in destroying the crematoriums and begin the uprising prisoners were killed once the plans were discovered. One of the crematoriums was destroyed by the resisters.

13. On this day, in 1938, The Reich Ministry of Education banned all Jewish children from attending public schools. This law is one of a series of anti-semitic legislation stemming from the Nuremberg Race Laws of Children were already in the process of getting expelled from schools prior to this day, but by 1938, an acceleration of discriminatory laws officially revoked the rights of Jews attending schools altogether. According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, in the first six years of the Nazis regime, up to 400 legal restricts were imposed upon Jews. .
“The teacher asked, ‘Are there any Jews in this class?’ I raised my hand very proudly because, yes, I was proud of being a Jew…I looked around, there was one other person in the class, [who] also had their hand up, so I didn’t realize how many Jews were in the class. It never even occurred to me because they were all my friends. The teacher said, ‘You two get your things together and go home. Jews are not allowed in public school in Germany anymore.’ I didn’t know what she was talking about. I didn’t understand.” – Herbert Kohn, recounting his experience in 1933 of being expelled from school

14. Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
“To live with honor and to die with honor”
Emmanuel Ringleblum, Warsaw Ghetto Historian