1. 10th World Studies 1.10.18 Turn in: Take out:
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Today’s objective:
I can describe how the events of the French Revolution brought change to the political order of France.
Today’s Agenda:
Other thoughts on Napoleon
HW:
Another Take home “Quiz”

2. Napoleon Abdicates! Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814.
Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender.
Napoléon abdicated again on April 11.
Treaty of Fontainbleau  exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs.
The royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne.

3. Napoleon in Exile on Elba

4. Louis XVIII (r )

5. The
"Hundred Days"
(March 20 - June 22, `1815)

6. Napoleon’s Final Campaign
Napoleon’s “100 Days”
1815:
France 
 Britain, Russia Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German states
Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815  the beginning of his 100 Days.
Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.

7. Napoleon’s Defeat at Waterloo (June 18, 1815)
Prussian General Blücher
Duke of Wellington

8. Napoleon on His Way to His Final Exile on St. Helena

9. Napoleon’s Residence on St. Helena

10. Napoleon’s 3 Costly Mistakes

11. 1) The Continental System
ordered a blockade (forced all ports to close) to stop trade between Britain and Europe
goal to isolate Britain
weakened trade, but didn’t destroy it (smuggling)
Britain blockaded all neutral ships
hurt Napoleon’s empire more than his enemies

12. The Continental System
GOAL : to isolate Britain and promote Napoleon’s mastery over Europe.
Berlin Decrees (1806)
* British ships were not allowed in European ports.
Milan Decree (1807)
* Napoleon proclaimed any ship stopping in Britain would be seized when it entered the Continent.

13. 1) The Continental System

14. 2) The Peninsular Campaign
Went through Spain to invade Portugal
Spanish rioted, so he deposed (kicked out) the Spanish king and replaced him with his brother, Joseph
Guerillas (Spanish peasant fighters) ambushed Napoleon’s troops, which weakened France
Spanish proved importance of nationalism

15. “The Spanish Ulcer” * Charles IV and Prince Ferdinand called to France
* Napleon’s brother, Joseph, becomes new King of Spain
* 100,000+ French troops in Madrid.
* May 2, 1808 [Dos de Mayo] the Spanish rose up in rebellion.
* French troops fired on the crowd in Madrid the next day [Tres de Mayo].
Open, Painful wound
"With my banner bearing the words 'Liberty and Emancipation from Superstition, I shall be regarded as the liberator of Spain.“ -Napoleon
"The population of Madrid, led astray, has given itself to revolt and murder. French blood has flowed. It demands vengeance. All those arrested in the uprising, arms in hand, will be shot."

16. 3) Invasion of Russia
French ally, Russia, sold grain to Britain (French enemy), in defiance of the Continental System so Napoleon invaded
most French troops were drafted, and felt little loyalty
Russians used a scorched-earth policy (burned fields and slaughtered livestock to starve soldiers into surrendering)
Attacks and cold weather nearly wiped out the French army

17. NAPOLEON’S FINAL DEFEAT
After attempting to make a comeback (Hundred Days) and re-conquer France, Napoleon’s army was defeated by the British and Prussians at Waterloo (in Belgium, 1815)

18. The Congress of
Vienna

19. Europe in 1812

20. The Congress of Vienna (September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815)

21. Coin Commemorating the Opening of the Congress of Vienna

22. Main Objectives
It’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done:
Reduce France to its old boundaries  her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level.
Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era.
Supported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.

23. Key Players at Vienna Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Br.)
Tsar Alexander I (Rus.)
The “Host” Prince Klemens von Metternich (Aus.)
King Frederick William III (Prus.)
Foreign Minister, Charles Maurice de Tallyrand (Fr.)

24. Key Principles Established at Vienna
Balance of Power
Legitimacy
Compensation
Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years.
France would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 Francs.