1. Complex models are needed to represent the processes occurring in and between the atmosphere, oceans and land surface.
Source: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis (IPCC)

2. All of the Earth’s weather and climate is driven
ultimately by energy from the Sun.
Source: BigStockPhoto.com (© Sebastian Kaulitzki and © Lars Lentz) 2

3. Wavelengths of terrestrial and solar radiation.3

4. Using an infrared thermometer to measure temperature.4

5. Representing the temperatures at the top of the atmosphere - found by satellite measurements of outgoing terrestrial radiation.
Source: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis (IPCC) 5

6. At equilibrium, solar radiation absorbed balances
terrestrial radiation emitted. 6

7. Using the steady state bottle to represent warming.7

8. Using the steady state bottle to represent cooling.8

9. A steady state is achieved when the inflow equals the outflow.9

10. Changing the outflow by tightening the clip.10

11. A new steady state is established in which
inflow and outflow again balance. 11