1. OIE Influenza Activities
Influenza Research and Preparedness at the Animal-Human Interface
US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
April 1-3, 2009
Kate Glynn DVM, MPVM
Scientific and Technical Department

2. Outline Background on OIE Animal health standards
Notification, reporting, and surveillance
Capacity building, technical expertise

3. Some Key OIE Facts
Established 1924 – fear of Rinderpest panzootic in Europe
Intergovernmental organisation – preceded UN
Recognised standard setting entity by World Trade Organization
Mandate: Improve animal health worldwide

4. 173* Members (Mar 2009) 29
Americas : 29 – Africa : 51 – Europe: 51 – Middle-East : 13 – Asia: 29*
* Newest member added March 2009

5. Animal Health Standards - OIE Major Texts
Terrestrial Animals
Terrestrial Animal Health Code (Terrestrial Code)
Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals (Terrestrial Manual)
Aquatic Animals
Aquatic Animal Health Code
Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals
Guidance
Standards
Transparency

6. Terrestrial Animal Health Code
Structure
Volume 1 – cross-cutting, 'horizontal standards'
Volume 2 – disease-specific, 'vertical standards'
The value of the Terrestrial Code is twofold
represents consensus among the veterinary authorities of OIE Members
constitutes a reference within the World Trade Organization Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures as an international standard for animal health and zoonoses

7. Terrestrial Manual
Principal target readership - laboratories carrying out veterinary diagnostic tests and surveillance, plus vaccine manufacturers and regulatory authorities in Member Countries
Objective - to provide internationally agreed diagnostic laboratory methods and requirements for the production and control of vaccines and other biological products

8. Notification and Reporting
Chapter 1.1. Notification of diseases and
epidemiological information
Members shall…..
Built upon a framework of
a competent veterinary services and
effective surveillance program

9. OIE Listed Diseases Multiple species diseases: Avian diseases: Anthrax
Aujeszky's disease
Bluetongue
Brucellosis (B. abortus/melitensis/suis)
Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever
Echinococcosis/hydatidosis
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease
Equine encephalomyelitis (Eastern)
Foot and mouth disease
Heartwater
Japanese encephalitis
Leptospirosis
New world screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax)
Old world screwworm (Chrysomya bezziana)
Paratuberculosis
Q fever
Rabies
Rift Valley fever
Rinderpest
Surra (Trypanosoma evansi)
Trichinellosis
Tularemia
Vesicular stomatitis
West Nile fever
Avian diseases:
Avian chlamydiosis
Avian infectious bronchitis
Avian infectious laryngotracheitis
Avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum)
Avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma synoviae)
Duck virus hepatitis
Fowl cholera
Fowl typhoid
Highly pathogenic avian influenza in birds and low pathogenicity notifiable avian influenza in poultry as defined in Chapter 10.4.
Infectious bursal disease (Gumboro disease)
Marek's disease
Newcastle disease
Pullorum disease
Turkey rhinotracheitis

10. SIGNIFICANT SPREAD IN NAIVE POPULATIONS?
Criteria for listing a disease
EXCLUDE
INTERNATIONAL SPREAD?
EMERGING? NO
YES
SIGNIFICANT SPREAD IN NAIVE POPULATIONS?
INCLUDE
ZOONOTIC POTENTIAL?

11. Notification procedures Types of reports
Immediate notification of disease, infection or unusual epidemiological events
Weekly reports: Follow-up to the immediate notification
Final report:
if the outbreaks have ended (event closed)
if the situation becomes endemic
Six-monthly report
Annual report

12. Avian Influenza – Terrestrial Code
«Highly pathogenic avian influenza in birds and low pathogenicity notifiable avian influenza in poultry» (
For the purposes of international trade,
Notifiable avian influenza (NAI) - an infection of poultry caused by any influenza A virus of the H5 or H7 subtypes or by any AI virus with an intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) greater than 1.2 (or as an alternative at least 75% mortality) as described below.
highly pathogenic notifiable avian influenza (HPNAI)
low pathogenicity notifiable avian influenza (LPNAI)

13. Avian Influenza – Terrestrial Manual
Diagnostic tests
Identification of the agent (the prescribed test for international trade)
Assessment of pathogenicity
Serological tests
Agar gel immunodiffusion
Haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition tests
Antigen capture and molecular techniques
Antigen detection
Direct RNA detection
Safe, effective, potent vaccine development, DIVA strategy, and post-vaccination monitoring

14. Avian Influenza in Animals Updates

15. WAHIS/WAHID World Animal Health Information System/Database

16. WAHID Disease Information

17. Surveillance
Chapters on general surveillance guidance and on AI specific guidance
Technical assistance missions and training
Surveillance occurs at the country/territory level; at the OIE level, influenza activities focused on notification/reporting/situational awareness rather than surveillance

18. GLEWS – Global Early Warning and Response System
Joint FAO, OIE and WHO initiative (initiated 2006)
All three organisations have Early Warning and Response Systems
GLEWS combines and coordinates the alert systems through confidential communication of official and unofficial notifications
Epidemic intelligence, response, dissemination
Criteria for GLEWS action

19. OIE Reference Laboratories and Collaborating Centres
177 laboratories in 32 Member Countries or Territories
expertise on named disease(s) on the OIE lists
Collaborating Centres
29 centres from 18 Member Countries or Territories
expertise in a specific designated sphere of competence

20. Laboratory capacity building
Effective diagnosis and confirmation of avian influenza (including pathogenicity and genetic typing) requires laboratory capacity not available in a representative manner in all parts of the world

21. Laboratory Capacity Building
OIE Laboratory Twinning project - Pairs an OIE Reference Laboratory with a qualified candidate laboratory
Objectives
build their capacity and scientific expertise potentially to become an OIE Reference Laboratory
transfer of knowledge, training and expertise (‘North’ to ‘South’)
build bridges between laboratories and scientists that extend beyond the terms of the project

22. OFFLU
The joint OIE-FAO network of expertise on avian influenza, established in 2005
to exchange scientific data and biological materials (including virus strains) within the network, to analyse such data, and to share such information with the wider scientific community.
to offer technical advice and veterinary expertise to Member Countries to assist in the prevention, diagnosis, surveillance and control of avian influenza
to collaborate with the WHO influenza network on issues relating to the animal-human interface, including early preparation of human vaccine
to highlight avian influenza research needs, promote their development and ensure co-ordination.

23. OFFLU
OFFLU strengthens links within our animal health network and collaborates with the existing WHO influenza network on all matters relevant to public health
OFFLU Afternoon at the 7th International Symposium on Avian Influenza, 8th April :30 pm – 4.30 pm

24. Thank you for your attention
Organisation Mondiale de la Santé Animale
World Organisation for Animal Health
Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal
Thank you for your attention
12 rue de Prony, Paris, France - –