1. Biochemistry Vocabulary

2. deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
The genetic material of all organisms.

3. adenine
Nitrogen base found in DNA
Pairs with Thymine

4. thymine
Nitrogen base found in DNA
Pairs with Adenine

5. guanine
Nitrogen base found in DNA
Pairs with cytosine

6. cytosine
Nitrogen base found in DNA
Pairs with guanine

7. nitrogen bases
Organic compound that makes up the “rungs” or “steps” of the DNA ladder.

8. protein
Organic compound that is made up of amino acids that is used by the body for growth.

9. mixture
Combination of substances in which the substances do not change.
Can be solids, liquids, gasses, or any combination.

10. organic compound Compounds that always contain hydrogen and carbon
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

11. enzyme
A type of protein that regulates nearly all chemical reactions in a cell.

12. inorganic compound
Compound that is made from elements other than carbon
Water, calcium phosphate, hydrochloric acid

13. passive transport
Movement of substances through a cell membrane without using energy
Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

14. active transport
Process in which transport proteins bind with particles and move them through a cell membrane.
Uses cell energy

15. diffusion
A type of passive transport in which molecules move from areas where there are more of them to areas where there are fewer of them.

16. endocytosis
Process by which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane.

17. exocytosis
Process by which vesicles release their contents outside the cell.

18. equilibrium
Occurs when molecules of one substance spread evenly throughout another substance.

19. osmosis
A type of passive transport that occurs when water diffuses through a cell membrane.

20. metabolism
The total of all chemical reactions in an organism.

21. respiration
Series of chemical reactions used to release energy stored in food molecules

22. photosynthesis
Food making process by which plants and many other producers use light energy to produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.

23. fermentation
Process by which oxygen-lacking cells and some one-celled organisms release small amounts of energy from glucose molecules and produce wastes such as alcohol, carbon dioxide, and lactic acid.