1. Learning
Chapter 7

2. Definition
Learning -
Relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior as a result of experience

3. Aristotle’s Laws of Association
Experience or recall of one object will produce a recall of objects that are similar or of opposite nature
Experience or recall of one object will produce a recall of things that were originally experienced at the same time
The more often two things are experienced together, the more likely it is that experiencing one will stimulate production or recall of the second

4. Trial and Error Learning
Video - Sticky the Cat

5. Pavlov Classical Conditioning
Learning through the association of a stimulus and response

7. Unconditioned Response
Natural response, no conditioning or training necessary to produce it
Unconditioned Stimulus
That which produces the unconditioned response
Conditioned Response
Learned response
Conditioned Stimulus
That which produces the conditioned response

8. Application of Classical Conditioning
Counterconditioning
Changing a negative response to a positive one
Flooding
A person is forced into contact with the feared stimulus to demonstrate the relative harmlessness of the stimulus
Desensitization
Gradually exposing a person to a stimulus to reduce the persons response

9. Operant Conditioning
A behavior that is learned in connection with reward or punishment

11. Principles of Operant Conditioning
Any response that is followed by a reinforcing stimulus tends to be repeated
A stimulus is considered reinforcing when it increases the rate of a response

12. Primary and Secondary Reinforcements
Reinforcement tied to an aspect of survival
Food, water, sense of security
Secondary
Nonessential to survival
Money, praise

13. Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement
Following a behavior with something considered pleasant
Negative Reinforcement
Following a behavior by stopping or taking away something that is unpleasant
Positive Punishment
Discouraging a behavior by following it with unpleasant consequenses
Negative Punishment
Discouraging a behavior by withholding something that is pleasurable

14. YouTube - Pavlov's Dog
YouTube - Skinner – Modelagem
YouTube - bf skinner on reinforcement - general psychology