1. Respiratory System:
Outcome: I can describe the respiratory organs (structure) and their main function in the respiratory system.
Drill:
What are the top 3 cancers in the U.S?

2. Organization and Function of the Respiratory System
Anatomical divisions of the respiratory system
Upper respiratory system
Contains the upper respiratory tract
Filters, warms, and humidifies incoming air
Protects more sensitive lower tract
Reabsorbs heat and water in outgoing air
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3. Tongue Right lung Left lung
The upper respiratory tract
Upper Respiratory System
Nose
Nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
Tongue
Pharynx
Esophagus
Clavicle
Ribs
Right
lung
Left
lung
Diaphragm
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Figure 21.1 1

4. Organization and Function of the Respiratory System
Anatomical divisions of the respiratory system
(continued)
Lower respiratory system
Contains the lower respiratory tract
Moves air to gas exchange surfaces
Exchanges gases with capillaries
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5. Tongue Right lung Left lung
The lower respiratory tract
Tongue
Esophagus
Lower Respiratory
System
Clavicle
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Smallest bronchioles
Ribs
Right
lung
Left
lung
Alveoli
Diaphragm
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Figure 21.1 1

6. Bridge of the nose Nasal cartilages External nares Figure 21.3 1
Anterior view of nasal cartilages and external landmarks
Bridge of the nose
Nasal cartilages
External nares
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Figure 21.3 1

7. Module 21.4: The Larynx Larynx Sometimes called the “voice box”
Consists of three large unpaired cartilages and three small paired cartilages
Large unpaired cartilages:
Epiglottis
Shaped like a shoehorn
Projects superior to the glottis
During swallowing, folds back over glottis
Prevents solids and liquids from entering respiratory tract
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8. Module 21.4: The Larynx Larynx (continued)
Large unpaired cartilages (continued)
Thyroid cartilage (thyroid, shield shaped)
Forms most of anterior and lateral walls of the larynx
Prominent anterior surface also called the laryngeal prominence or Adam’s apple
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9. Module 21.4: The Larynx Larynx (continued)
Large unpaired cartilages (continued)
Cricoid cartilage (ring shaped)
Complete ring of cartilage
Together with thyroid cartilage, protects glottis and larynx and provides attachment sites for laryngeal muscles and ligaments
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10. Anterior view Epiglottis 1
Overview of the larynx
Large Cartilages of the Larynx
Hyoid bone
Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
Laryngeal
prominence
Cricoid cartilage
Trachea
Hyoid bone
Anterior view
Epiglottis
Epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Cricoid
cartilage
Tracheal
cartilages
Anterior
Posterior
Tracheal
cartilages
Sagittal section
Posterior view
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Figure 21.4 1

11. Module 21.4: The Larynx Larynx (continued) Small paired cartilages
Cuneiform (wedge shaped) cartilages
Long and curved
2. Corniculate (horn shaped) cartilages
Function with the arytenoid in opening and closing the glottis
3. Arytenoid (ladle shaped) cartilages
Helps open and close the glottis
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12. Epiglottis Cricoid cartilage
Cartilages of the larynx
Epiglottis
Small Laryngeal Cartilages
Cuneiform cartilages
Thyroid
cartilage
Corniculate cartilages
Arytenoid cartilages
Cricoid
cartilage
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Figure 21.4 2

13. The Trachea and Bronchial Branches
Trachea (or windpipe)
Tough, flexible tube
~11 cm (4.33 in.) in length
Contains 15–20 C-shaped tracheal cartilages
Prevent collapse and overexpansion
Allows expansion of esophagus during swallowing
Allows tracheal constriction or dilation
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14. The Trachea and Bronchial Branches
Trachea (continued)
Branches into right and left primary bronchi
Each bronchus leads to a lung (right primary bronchus to right lung; left to left lung)
Most foreign objects entering the trachea end up in the right primary bronchus rather than the left
Right primary bronchus larger in diameter than the left
Also descends at a steeper angle
WHY DO YOU THINK THIS IS THE CASE?
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15. WHY DO YOU THINK THIS IS THE CASE?
Overview of the trachea
Hyoid bone
WHY DO YOU THINK THIS IS THE CASE?
Larynx
Esophagus
Incomplete
tracheal
cartilages on
posterior side
Tracheal
cartilages
Trachea
Trachealis muscle
Mucosa
of trachea
Lumen of trachea
Thyroid gland
Tracheal
cartilage
Right primary
bronchus
Sectional view of trachea
Location of carina
(internal ridge)
Left primary bronchus
Secondary
bronchi
Right lung
Left lung
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Figure 21.5 1 – 2

16. Air-Conducting Passageways in the Lower Respiratory Tract
Terminal
bronchioles
to pulmonary
lobules
Primary
bronchi
Secondary
bronchi
Tertiary
bronchi
Trachea
Bronchioles
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Figure 21.5 3

17. What three large cartilages make up the larynx?
Respiratory System:
Exit Ticket:
What three large cartilages make up the larynx?