1. Get out stuff for notes Urban Models: North America test corrections end tomorrow hw: read pgs ,
APRIL 9, 2018

2. Borchert’s epochs of transportation

3. u.s. cities growth stages

4. Models of development

5. Central business district
Center of urban area
Highest priced land
High number of services
Business
Public
Consumer
High accessibility-center of transportation

6. Burgess Concentric zone model (1923)

7. Explanation of concentric zone model
Zone 1: Central Business District
high land cost = skyscrapers, high accessibility, mostly businesses/restaurants/shops
Zone 2: Zone of Transition
Industrial area, poorer housing with renters (mostly immigrants/singles)
Zone 3: Zone of Independent Workers Homes
Working class homes, still a good amount of renters
Zone 4: Zone of Better Residents
Newer and bigger homes, middle class residents, less renting
Zone 5: Communter’s Zone
Upper class, large spacious homes, workers commute to CBD

8. Concentric zone model: Chicago

9. Bid rent theory Land prices are closest to CBD
Payoff between accessibility and profits

10. Hoyt Sector model (1939)
Based on wedge- shaped sectors radiating out from CBD
Based on transport networks

11. Harris & ullman Multiple nuclei model (1945)

12. Explanation of multiple nuclei model
Urban Sprawl
Importance of automobile and highways
Smaller Business Districts created to support suburbs
Ex: Atlanta

13. Peripheral/galactic model

14. Explanation of peripheral/galactic
Inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas
Tied together by beltway or ring road
Edge Cities

15. Vance Urban realms model
Decentralized CBD
Edge cities have become mini realms
Edge cities connected via transportation

16. Changes in Cities in the U.S.
U.S. population has been moving out of the city centers to the suburbs: suburbanization and counterurbanization
Developed Countries: suburbanization
wealthy move to suburbs
automobiles and roads; ‘American Dream’
better services
Counter-urbanization
idyllic settings
cost of land for retirement
slow pace, yet high tech connections to services and markets
U.S. intraregional migration during 1990s.