1. By the end of this lesson you will:
Winners and losers of the global shift and the increasing scale of economic migration
By the end of this lesson you will:
Be able to explain why global shifts in economic activity bring a range of environmental, economic and social impacts.
Be able to explain how globalisation is linked with the increasing scale and pace of economic migration, and results in a range of impacts to places of varying scales

2. The Big Picture Globalisation
3.1 How globalisation is a long standing process
3.2 The political and economic factors associated with globalisation
3.3 The affect of globalisation on some places and organisations
3.4 The global shift and how this has created winners and losers
3.5 Economic migration and the impact of this on the physical environment
3.6 The emergence of global culture
3.7 The increase of development in some countries and how this has created disparities
3.8 The social, political and economic tensions which arise from globalisation
3.9 Ethical and environmental concerns about unsustainability

3. The Big Picture Globalisation
3.4a. The movement of the global economic centre of gravity to Asia via the global shift of manufacturing (China) and outsourcing of services (India) can lead to changes in the built environment that can bring benefits (infrastructure investment, waged work, poverty reduction, education and training) but also costs (loss of productive land, unplanned settlements, environmental and resource pressure.
3.4b. Some communities in developing countries have experienced major environmental problems (including air and water pollution, land degradation, over-exploitation of resources, and a loss of biodiversity), which impact on people’s health and well-being.
3.4c. Some deindustrialised regions in developing countries face social and environmental problems as a result of economic restructuring (dereliction, contamination, depopulation, crime and high unemployment).

4. Flipped Learning Questions
1. Define centripetal migration
2. Define megacity
3. What are the four causes of rural-urban migration?
4. How many displaced people are there globally?
5. How many internal migrants were residing in cities in 2013
6. How does global shifts affect social challenges for developed countries?
7. Define deindustrialization
8. Explain how the Ivory Coast suffered environmental issues with regards to global shifts
9. What red-tape exists in UK to prevent environmental damage?
10. What are some environmental challenges for communities in developing countries ?

5. (your exam definitions must focus on this first!)
Globalisation
It is mainly an economic process
(your exam definitions must focus on this first!)
Social and environmental effects follow on from economic changes.
These are called externalities.
A global shift has occurred. Poorly paid manufacturing work has moved from richer to poorer countries.
Externalities from this have been child labour, suppression of trade unions, pollution, exploitation etc.

6. Externalities – Benefits and Problems
SOCIAL
B – In industrialising countries, more jobs means more money and access to healthcare
P – Child labour and exploitation in developing countries
P – In developed countries, high crime rates exist in deindustrialised towns e.g Baltimore
P – Depopulation in towns which are deindustrialised e.g over a million people have left Detroit
ENVIRONMENTAL
B – In industrialising countries TNCs put in sewage systems and build infrastructure
P – Destruction of habitats and deforestation e.g. Nigeria has lost half of its forests
P – Toxic waste as by products e.g Ivory coast had toxic waste as hydroegn sulphide
ECONOMIC
B – Jobs are created in industrialising countries globally 1billion people have escaped poverty
B – TNCs make money from cheap labour which trickles down in tax to developed countries
P – Unemployment in deindustrialised towns i.e. Baltimore/Sheffield
POLITICAL
B – Global shifts tend to bring about democracy because you need democracy for free trade
P – Trade unions are supressed in industrialising countries
Externalities – Benefits and Problems

7. Social, Economic, Political Impacts
In groups will be assigned one of the impacts (social, economic or environmental). Use your sheets to learn from and create a mind map.
Read the case studies on page 182&183 – India and China to ADD to your A3 sheet.
Reciprocal reading for each group:
READER
SUMMARISER
SCRIBE
SPEAKER

8. Social, Economic, Political Impacts

9. Environmental Challenges for industrialised regions
Many countries have experienced problems as a result of a global shift:
Pollution eg in China Air pollution has become a major issue in China, and poses a threat to Chinese public health.
Over-exploitation of resources eg deforestation in Indonesia and Nigeria has led to a loss of bio-diversity
Industrial waste eg in the Ivory Coast thousands suffered ill health after toxic waste was alleged to produce hydrogen sulphide

10. Social & Environmental Challenges for deindustrialised regions
More developed countries also suffer as a result of deindustrilaistaion
High unemployment eg in Sheffield in the UK
Crime eg eg drug related crime in US cities
Depopulation eg Detroit loosing 1million residents
Dereliction eg broken windows, trees growing out of buildings, arson in towns like Blackburn

11. Positive or Negative?

12. Positive or Negative?

13. Positive or Negative?

14. Positive or Negative?

15. Positive or Negative?

16. Positive or Negative?

17. Spec Check Concept Checker:
3.5a. Rural-urban migration (push and pull factors), and/or natural increase, is responsible for the growth of megacities (Mumbai, Karachi); rapid urban growth creates social and environmental challenges.
3.5b. International migration has increased in global hub cities and regions, deepening interdependence between regions (elite migration – Russian oligarchs to London and mass low-wage economic migration (India to UAE, the Philippines to Saudi Arabia)).
3.5c. Migration has economic, social, political and environmental costs and benefits for both hosts and source locations.

18. The increasing scale of Migration
The increasing scale of internal and international migrants has accelerated with the pace of globalisation
Rural – urban migration and megacity growth – by 2050 ¾ of us will be city dwellers
Megacities are homes to 10million people or more

19. Migration Theory
Push factors – poor weather, high house prices that generate income to pay for the move, perceptions of rising crime.
Intervening obstacles – not speaking Spanish, red tape of obtaining visas and other legal requirements, family pressure to stay, distance.
Go over Lee’s model (check what pupils remember of this from GCSE population)
Pull factors – better weather, lower house prices and living costs, more relaxed life style, many Brits already live there, Spain part of EU.

20. Review and discuss gaps in knowledge/questions pupils may still have.

21. Internal Migrant / Economic Migrant / Refugee?
Borg Strom has left Sweden to look for work in Berlin.
Farzad Tehrani has fled Iran with his family as he fears torture by police because of his political views.
Betty Smith moves to the Costa del Sol from Hull for the weather.
Sheila Roo leaves Sydney as she is granted a work permit in Ireland.
A Ghanaian man pays for midnight transport across the Mediterranean to Italy, where he hopes to find work.
Gwyn ap Llewellyn from Llandwybelfri moves to Amsterdam to run a bicycle shop.
Andrzej Kowalczyk travels from Latvia on the ferry to Newcastle where he hopes to find work in the shipyards.

22. Causes of Rural-Urban Migration
In pairs, using your knowledge from the table 13.4 on page 185 and the Mumbai and Karachi case study on page 187 and answer the following exam style question:
Explain why globalisation results in megacity growth in some parts of the world (4)

23. Exam Practise
Explain why globalisation results in megacity growth in some parts of the world (4)
Globalisation is the increased networking of countries and areas within a country. One way in which megacities can grow is through shrinking world technologies where rural dwellers are gaining general knowledge of the outside world and its opportunities. For example, people moving to Mumbai (home to 22million residents) may hear about job opportunities on their radio. Furthermore, urban pull factors such as ‘hotspots’ can lead to megacity growth. In Shanghai as high rise flats are constructed with bars, nightclubs and restaurants, people decide to live in the city to benefit from such commodities. Additionally, rural pushes such as agricultural modernisation which pushes people out of jobs can lead them to centripetal migration (such as movement to municipal dumps such as the floodplains of Sao Paulo).

24. Megacity growth
A mega city is a city with a population of over 10million
Examples are Mumbai and Karachi
People move to megacities through rural-urban migration (rural push and urban pull)
People move largely for economic reasons
Centripetal migration leads most people moving towards a central point i.e. the slums of Mumbai or the plains of Sao Paulo

25. Social and Environmental Challenges of megacity growth
The consequences of the growth of megacities is largely sustainability.
Environmental sustainability eg water pollution and smog and pressure on town planning
Social Sustainability eg lack of adequate housing and social unrest. In North African countries unemployment exceeds 25%
Can urban population boom be sustainable in the future? Money, resources and planning is required.

26. Global Hubs
Read page 189 on global hubs.

27. Gimme’ 5 1. Define a global hub
2. Give two examples of global hubs and their global influence
3. How is a global hub different to a megacity?
4. What 2 human resources can make a hub global?
5. What 2 physical resources can make a hub global?

28. International Migration to global hubs
In pairs, you will get given a case study either on
Elite international migrants
Low-waged international migrants
Internal migrants
Make notes on your case study to feedback to the class - use your A3 map to plot the routes of your migrants and their global hubs

29. Key concept: Interdependence – Page 190
Explore with pupils this graphic organiser. Pupils are then to read page 190 Key concept and create a summary paragraph of what this key concept means.

30. Question Cards
With your partner or in threes, play WHIST using your question cards

31. Homework – due in on Thu 17th Nov
Complete question sheet 3.2
‘Assess the costs and benefits of migration in a globalised world’ (12)
To answer this use pages
I want reference to internal migration, economic migration and refugee.
I want a balanced argument (are there switched off places with little migration?)
I want examples e.g. UAE and Saudi Arabia
I don’t want any sweeping statements
I want reference to interdependence
I want you to use the textbook to help you

32. By the end of this lesson you will:
Winners and losers of the global shift and the increasing scale of economic migration
By the end of this lesson you will:
Be able to explain why global shifts in economic activity bring a range of environmental, economic and social impacts.
Be able to explain how globalisation is linked with the increasing scale and pace of economic migration, and results in a range of impacts to places of varying scales