1. The Periodic Table and the Atom
Lesson 7

2. Elements
Elements are pure substances that consist of atoms. The periodic table consists of over 100 elements all of which have a certain spot on the table.

4. Elements Metals- Left side of the periodic table
The majority of elements on the periodic table are metals All metals, except for mercury are solids at room temperature.

6. Metals Metals have the following properties.
Malleable : The ability to be hammered or bent into a shape.
Lustre : They are shiny in appearance.
Ductile : They can be pulled into a wire.
Conductor of electricity: Electricity can travel through the metal

7. Non-metals Non-Metals- Right side of the periodic table
Most of the remaining elements in the periodic table are non-metals

9. Non-metals Non-metals generally have these properties:
Non-conductor of electricity in its solid form
At room temperature most are gasses or solids
Solids are brittle and lack the lustre of metals

11. Metalloids Metalloids- middle right of the periodic table
Some elements do not fit as metals or non-metals. These fit on either side of the staircase that divides the metals and the non-metals. They have some properties of metals and some properties of non-metals.

13. Group Names
Alkali Metals: This is the first group in the periodic table. They are soft , silver coloured, solids and at room temperature and react violently with water. They must be stored in oil to prevent them from reacting.

15. Alkaline Earth Metals
Alkaline earth metals: This is the second group in the periodic table. They are light, very reactive, solids at room temperature and all react with oxygen in the air.
conduct electricity

17. Transition metals
Transition metals: Theses metals have a wide variety of properties and relativities. They are generally hard , strong metals that conduct electricity

19. Representative elements
Representative elements: Groups 1,2 and There are metals and non-metals. Some are solids while others are gases and there is one liquid They follow the periodic law.

21. Halogens
Halogens: Non-metals in group 17. They may be solids, liquids or gasses and are extremely reactive

23. Noble Gasses
Noble gasses: They are gasses at room temperature. They have a low melting point and boiling point. They are also very un-reactive

25. Elements and Atomic Structure
Atoms are composed of three subatomic particles
Protons- Heavy positively charged found in the nucleus
Neutrons -are neutral particles that have the same mass as protons and are located in the nucleus
Electrons- Negatively charged particles with almost no mass. They circle the nucleus at different energy levels.

27. Atoms are electronically neutral so the number of electrons = the number of protons

28. Bohr Diagrams
To represent electron arrangements at various orbits we use Bohr diagrams. Each orbit has a set number of electrons.
Orbit #
# of Electrons 1 2 8 3 4 18

29. Ions- if an electron loses or gains an electron it is called a ion.
If it loses an electron it has a Positive ion charge because there are more protons than electrons.
If it Gains an electron it has a Negative ion charge because there are more electrons than protons.

30. Practice
Lets Draw some H, He, Li, S, Ca