1. Chap 27 Day 3 Aim: Why did Japan close themselves off from the world in the 17th century and how did this effect them?
Do Now: PAIR/SHARE – St. Francis Xavier: to the Society of Jesus ) How did Xavier describe Japan? 2) How might this effect their development? “Japan is a very large empire entirely composed of islands. One language is spoken throughout, not very difficult to learn. This country was discovered by the Portuguese eight or nine years ago. The Japanese are very ambitious of honors and distinctions, and think themselves superior to all nations in military glory and valor. They prize and honor all that has to do with war, and all such things…. They are, in short, a very warlike people, and engaged in continual wars among themselves; the most powerful in arms bearing the most extensive sway. They have all one sovereign, although for one hundred and fifty years past the princes have ceased to obey him, and this is the cause of their perpetual feuds.”

2. Unification of Japan Shoguns rule Japan, 12th-16th centuries
Large landholders with private armies
Emperor merely a figurehead
Constant civil war: 16th century sengoku, “country at war”
Tokugawa Ieyasu (r ) establishes military government
Bakufu: “tent government”
Establishes Tokugawa dynasty ( )

3. Tokugawa Japan, 1600-1867 Location effect?

4. Control of Daimyo (“Great Names”)
Approximately 260 powerful territorial lords
Independent militaries, judiciaries, schools, foreign relations, etc.
From capital Edo (Tokyo), shogun requires “alternate attendance”: daimyo forced to spend every other year at court – Why? Similar to European KING??
Controlled marriage, socializing of daimyo families
Beginning 1630s, shoguns restrict foreign relationsWHY?
Travel, import of books forbidden
Policy strictly maintained for 200 years

5. Economic Growth in Japan
End of civil conflict contributes to prosperity
New crop strains, (?) irrigation systems improve agricultural production
Yet population growth moderate
Contraception, late marriage, abortion
Infanticide: “thinning out the rice shoots”

6. Social Change
End of civil disturbances create massive unemployment of Daimyo, Samurai warriors
Encouraged to join bureaucracy, scholarship
Many declined to poverty
Urban wealthy classes develop from trade activity
Neo-Confucianism in Japan
Chinese cultural influence extends through Tokugawa period
Chinese language essential to curriculum
Zhu Xi and Neo-Confucianism remains popular
“Native Learning” also popular in 18th century
Folk traditions, Shinto

7. Floating Worlds (ukiyo)
Urban culture expressed in entertainment, pleasure industries
Marked contrast to bushido ethic of Stoicism
Ihara Saikaku ( ), The Life of a Man Who Lived for Love
Kabuki theatre, men playing women’s roles
Bunraku puppet theatre

8. Christianity in Japan Jesuit Francis Xavier in Japan, 1549
Remarkable success among daimyo -WHY?
Daimyo also hoping to establish trade relations with Europeans
Government backlash – Why?
Fear of foreign intrusion
Confucians, Buddhists resent Christian absolutism
Anti-Christian campaign restricts Christianity, executes staunch Christians
Sometimes by crucifixion

9. Persecution of Catholics

10. Dutch Learning
Dutch presence at Nagasaki principal route for Japanese understanding of the world
Before ban on foreign books lifted (1720), Japanese scholars study Dutch to approach European science, medicine, and art

11. Assessment
Create a multiple choice question based on previous material
Exchange question with neighbor
Share question with whole class