1. South Africa: Apartheid Presentation
By: Angelique Pol & John Gutierrez

2. The Imprisonment of the ANC Leadership

3. The History of Apartheid’s Famous Political Prisoners
The African National Congress (ANC) wanted to ensure that every South African citizen was entitled to basic human rights.
After the Sharpeville massacre in 1960 and banning of ANC The ANC decided that non-violent methods like those used by Gandhi were not effective or suitable against the Apartheid system
ANC took up arms against the South African Government in 1961

4. Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK)
“Spear of the Nation” this organization was made to defend their people. It was lead by Nelson Mandela
Formed an underground military wing. The MK operations involved targeting and sabotaging government facilities.
18 months MK carried out acts of Sabotage

5. In 1963, police raided the secret headquarters of MK, arresting the leadership.
This led to the Rivonia Trial where the leaders of MK were charged with attempting to cause a violent revolution.

6. Black Panthers

7. Rivonia Trial ( )

8. “The Trial that Changed South Africa”
The Rivonia trial lead to the imprisonment of Nelson Mandela and other members were convicted for life sentences.
Most of the ANC leaders and members were sent to life in prison
Sent to prison for doing acts of sabotage
Planned on using guerilla warfare but tactic was not used
Sabotage did not lead to anyone getting hurt or dead
Rivonia Trial→ also known as the trial that changed south Africa

9. Origins: Rivonia
Rivonia: A suburb in Johannesburg where leaders were arrested.
Arrested at Liliesleaf farm.
Liliesleaf farm→ used as a hideout for the African National Congress and other groups.
Around October Nelson Mandela moved into the farm disguising as a gardener and a cook, using a fake name: (David Motsamayi)
His fake name means “The Walker”
Liliesleaf was a HQ/base

10. Connection- Civil Rights Movement
Mandela’s speech and MLK speech
Both speeches talked about how they want racism to end and bring freedom and peace among all people
Mandela and ANC leaders = MLK and Malcom X imprisoned
All leaders were arrested for opposing the unfair justice and law
They had the same idea that the police would not be able to fit everyone in the jails, forcing them to change their laws
Both Mandela and Martin Luther King Jr. had white people helping them in the fight against white supremacy

11. Mandela’s famous speech→ I am Prepared to Die
This is Mandela’s famous, I am prepared to die speech
Speech was about three hours long and trying to defend and explain the ANC’s key political positions

12. The Arrested Nelson Mandela Walter Sisulu Govan Mbeki Raymond Mhlaba
Ahmed Kathrada
Bob Hepple
Arthur Goldreich
Harold Wolpe
James “Jimmy” Kantor

13. Rivonia Trial
Summary of the Rivonia Trial

14. Charges Charged under the Sabotage act of 1962
Recruitment of people by training them to use explosives and using guerilla warfare for sabotage and revolution
Soliciting and receiving money from sympathizers in Algeria, Ethiopia, Liberia, Nigeria, Tunisia, and etc.
Sabotage Act 1962 → act of terrorism

15. Aftermath of the Rivonia Trial
Many Anti-Apartheid groups grew weaker and the ANC got banned in 1960.
Oliver Tambo took over the presidency of the ANC when it went into exile
Steve Biko (South African Student Organization), Black Conscientious Movement, and United Democratic front → worked together
In 1973, many workers in Durban went on strike and opposed the authorities.
All three groups worked together to oppose the Apartheid

16. ROBBEN ISLAND

17. Political Prisoners Robben Island sits about six miles off the coast
Mandela was placed in the prison twice : A short stay after a 1962 conviction, and then nearly two decades after he was found guilty of sabotage in 1964 along with the other ANC leaders involved in the case.
Conditions were terrible, there food was rationed and their space was extremely small.
Many inmates worked in a prison limestone quarry.The glare off the white rock damaged the eyesight of many prisoners.

18. More than 3,000 political prisoners were eventually held there before the forces against apartheid finally triumphed

24. OPCVL