1. Biochemistry
Macromolecule
Building Block
Function
Protein
Amino Acid
Storage, transport, structure
Lipid
Fatty Acid
Energy Storage; Insulation
Carbohydrate
Monosaccharide
Quick Energy
Nucleic Acid
Nucleotide
Transmitting Genetic Info
An enzyme is a molecule that speeds up chemical reactions that happen in your body. It does this by lowering the activation energy (making it so less energy is needed to start the reaction, meaning it can happen sooner). It can denature (change shape) with high temperature or a change of pH. Denaturing means the enzyme no longer fits with its substrate, and cannot work.

2. Cells and Microscopes
Cell theory says all living organisms are made up of cells, cells are the basic units of life, and new cells come from existing cells.
Robert Hooke, looking at cork!
4x x 10x = 100x Total Power Magnification
Eyepiece
Objective Lens

3. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
A Prokaryotic cell is a simple cell lacking membrane bound organelles. Example=bacteria
Eukaryotic cells are complex, with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Example=plant cell, animal cell, some unicellular organisms
Common Traits: Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA
Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells
Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells
Simple
Small Size
Circular DNA
Lack of membrane-bound organelles
Double Helix DNA
Complex
Larger Size
Presence of membrane-bound organelles

4. Animal Cells Animal Cell
Nucleus
Vacuole
Animal Cell
Nucleus-controls cell function; vacuole-stores water; mitochondria-produces ATP energy; Ribosome-makes proteins; Membrane-lets things in and out of cell; cytoplasm-jelly substance containing organelles
Mitochondria
Cell
Membrane
Ribosome
Cytoplasm

5. Plant Cells
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Plant Cell
Most organelles same as animal cell. Additional include: Vacuole (large)-found in both, but much larger in plants to provide support; Cell wall-rigidity and support; chloroplast-performs photosynthesis
Vacuole
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm

6. Comparing Eukaryotic Cells
Folded membranes provide extra surface area for mitochondria to produce ATP.
Muscle cell might have more mitochondria because muscles use more energy.
Leaves will have more chloroplasts because it is absorbing sunlight. Cells can be specialized to carry out certain functions.
Plant:
Chloroplast
Vacuole (one large)
Cell Wall
Both:
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Animal:
Lysosome
Vacuole (many small)

7. Unicellular Organisms
Pseudopod
Cilia
Organisms move in response to chemicals to avoid poison, seek glucose, etc.
Phototaxis. Positive=moving toward light. Negative=moving away from light.
Because they will bend toward the light!
Eyespot
Flagella
Contractile Vacuole