1. 3.2 Catalysts at Work 3.2.1. Catalytic Converters
LO: I understand how catalytic converters work.

2. Catalytic converters in car exhausts:
Contain platinum, palladium and rhodium.
Convert harmful gases into less harmful ones.
For example: + +
2NO
2NO2
2N2
3O2 +
2CO O2
2CO2
The polluting molecules stick to the surface of the catalyst.
This is called adsorption.
LO: I understand how catalytic converters work.

4. Unleaded petrol must be used.
Lead sticks to the surface of the catalyst and stops the polluting molecules from adsorbing.
This is known as poisoning the catalyst.
LO: I understand how catalytic converters work.

5. 3.2.2. Heterogeneous Catalysis
LO: I understand what is meant by heterogeneous catalysis.

6. Vegetable oil and hydrogen Sulphur dioxide and oxygen
different
In heterogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in a state to the reactants.
Ostwald process
Ammonia + oxygen
Platinum
Nitric acid
Haber
process
Nitrogen and hydrogen
Iron
Ammonia
Vegetable oil and hydrogen
Hydrogenation
Nickel
Margarine
Contact process
Sulphur dioxide and oxygen
Vanadium pentoxide
Sulphuric acid
In some reactions the by-products the catalyst.
poison
The catalyst must be
regenerated
LO: I understand what is meant by heterogeneous catalysis.

7. 3.2.3. Homogeneous Catalysis
LO: I understand what is meant by homogeneous catalysis.

8. same
In homogeneous catalysis, the catalyst is in the state to the reactants.
glucose + fructose
confectionary
yeast
grape juice
wine
yoghurt
bacteria
brewing
grain sugars
Enzymes are catalysts that speed up certain reactions by homogeneous catalysis
biological
LO: I understand what is meant by homogeneous catalysis.