2. Overall Reaction Glc + 2NAD+ + 2ADP + 2Pi
Aerobic
Glc + 2NAD+ + 2ADP + 2Pi
2 pyruvate + 2NADH + 2H+ + 2ATP + 2H2O
Glc + 2ADP + 2Pi
2 Lactate + 2ATP + 2H2O
Anaerobic

3. Mg+2 or
glucokinase
Reactions
Mg+2

4. Comparison of Glucokinase & Hexokinase
1. Liver (& pancreas) Only
Extrahepatic cells (All Cells)
2. Specific for Glc
Non-specific (all hexoses)
3. Km high, low affinity for Glc
Km low, high affinity for Glc
4. Not inhibited by G-6-P
Allosteric inhibition by G-6-P

5. Comparison of Glucokinase & Hexokinase
5. Inducible enzyme;
 in fasting and diabetes,
 in fed state and by insulin
Non-inducible, Not very much influenced by fasting, feeding, diabetic state or insulin level
6. Main function is to clear
glucose from blood after
meals
Main function is to make glucose available to tissues at low glucose conc. in blood
(during fasting or starvation)

6. Reactions Glc-6-phosphate  Glycolysis Glycogenesis HMP Shunt
Mg+2 or
glucokinase
Reactions
Glc-6-phosphate 
Glycolysis
Glycogenesis
HMP Shunt
Uronic Acid Pathway
Mg+2

7. Reactions

8. Reactions 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate & Phosphoenolpyruvate are
ADP
ATP
Reactions
1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate &
Phosphoenolpyruvate are
Super high energy compounds
Substrate level phosphorylation
ADP
ATP

9. Reactions

10. Glycolysis - Summary Glucose Glucose 2 Lactate 2 Pyruvate 2 ATP 4 ADP
2 NAD
2 NADH + H
4 ADP
Glucose
2 Lactate
2 ATP
2 ADP
4 ATP

11. Bioenergetics AEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS 2NADH + H+ = 2 x 3ATP = 6 ATP
Substrate Level = 2 x 2 ATP = 4 ATP
____________________________________________
TOTAL = ATP
Consumed = ATP
Net Balance = 8 ATP

12. Bioenergetics ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS (e.g. RBC) Substrate Level = 4 ATP
Consumed = -2 ATP
____________________________
Net Balance = ATP
RBCs (only when first site of ATP generation is bypassed)
Substrate Level = 2 ATP
Consumed = ATP
Net Balance = 0 ATP

13. This metabolite(2,3-BPG) combines with Hb, causing a decrease in its affinity for O2, favouring the unloading of O2 even at low O2 pressure.