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Chapter 7 “Cellular Respiration”
Glycolysis & Fermentation Aerobic Respiration AKA OXIDATION OF GLUCOSE
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Cellular Respiration Overview
A process where organisms break down food to make ATP EVERYONE DOES IT!!! Overall Reaction: C6H12O6+6O2 6CO2+6H2O+Energy (ATP) Anaerobic Path (no O2), 2 Steps: net 2 ATP Not efficient Glycolysis Fermentation: Lactic Acid or Alcoholic Aerobic Path (O2), 3 Steps: net 36 ATP Krebs cycle Electron Transport Chain
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Overview, cont. 2 ATP 36 ATP
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Glycolysis Location: cytoplasm Products: 2 pyruvate (3-C)
2 NADH (e- acceptors) 4 ATP – 2 ATP used = 2 ATP net NEXT STEP VARIES IF 02 IS PRESENT OR ABSENT
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Fermentation: Without O2
Lactic Acid Location: cytoplasm Products: Regenerates NAD+ Uses: Food production: cheese & yogurt Muscle cells (i.e. sprint) Alcoholic Location: cytoplasm Products: Regenerate NAD+ Ethyl Alcohol CO2 Yeast & some plant cells Uses: Wine & beer Bread making
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Lactic Acid Fermentation
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Alcoholic Fermentation
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Quick Review
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Aerobic Respiration (O2) Overview
2 Steps: Krebs Cycle (KC) Electron transport chain (ETC) Location: Prokaryotes: KC & ETC in cytosol Eukaryotes: KC: mitochondrial matrix ETC: inner mitochondrial membrane Products: KC: 6NADH, 2FADH2, 2ATP, 4CO2 ETC: 34 ATP
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Mitochondrion
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Krebs Cycle Start: Pyruvic Acid (PA) enters matrix
PA + Acetyl Coenzyme A Acetyl CoA (2-C) & CO2 Yields NADH Transition Step
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Stop! Let’s Do Some Accounting Work!
Step Molecule How Many Glycolysis NADH ATP Transition CO2 Krebs FADH2 ETC ??????????????????????
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Electron Transport Chain
NADH & FADH2 release H+ & e- to make ATP e- released energy pump H+ between 2 membranes Chemiosmosis: generates ATP O2 final electron acceptor + e- + H+ Produces H2O Regenerate NAD+ & FAD
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“Cash In Values” Each NADH = 3 ATP Each FADH2 = 2 ATP
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Energy Yield/ Efficiency
Calculations!!
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