1. MAXI Status and ISS Science
August 2２, 2003 Max-Planck Inst.
Masaru Matsuoka
NASDA(JAXA* from October 1,2003)
Tsukuba Space Center
MAXI TMM Overview
* Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (=ISAS+NASDA+NAL)

2. Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI)
358 mm
GSC
GSC
SSC
- To be placed on the International Space Station in 2008 ?
Energy range is 0.5 – 30 keV for combined CCD camera
and Gas Slit Camera (SSC:200 cm2 ,GSC: 5350 cm2)

3. MAXI Overview and Scanning Process
Now MAXI is in a final phase for FM.
GSC: 2-30 keV
SSC: keV
Weight: 490 kg
MAXI Overview and Scanning Process

4. MAXI Sensitivity Sensitivity (mCrabs) SSC GSC Dwell Time (seconds)
Systematic error level
Dwell Time (seconds)

5. MAXI Sensitivity MAXI will monitor extra-galactic objects as well as
Appendix A
MAXI　Sensitivity
MAXI will monitor
extra-galactic
objects as well as
Galactic sources
above 1 m Crab.
One Orbit
(30 sources) O n e D a y ( 1 s o u r c e s ) O n e W e e k ( 1 s o u r c e s )

6. X-ray Nova Light Curves and MAXI Detectability
X-ray spectra are detectable every day
Flux (Crab unit)
One Crab
= 2.4x10-9 erg sec-1 cm-2
Detectable in one day
Detectable in one week
One m Crab
　　　　　Time (days after outburst)
Tanaka & Shibazaki, Annu. Rev.Astron. Astrophys. 34 (1996), 607

7. SIMULATION of GSC observations
ISS one orbit(90 min)　　　　2 months
~ 1000 sources incld. AGN
~30 Galactic sources

8. MAXI Mission Dynamics of Galactic and Extra-galactic Objects
Close Binary X-ray sources（Black holes, Neutron stars）
Active Galactic Nuclei（Giant black holes, Cosmic jets）
Creation of Data Base for Variable X-ray Sources
hours, days, months, year since 1960 era!
Large Scale Mapping of Diffuse X-ray Sky
Soft X-ray Sky (Galactic ridge structure with atomic compon’t)
CXB (Distribution of distant active galactic nuclei) Fluctuation detection limit: a few 1.5 deg.2 for two years.

9. A Light Curve of An X-Ray Nova during Rising PhaseGS
with Ginga-ASM
Tsunemi et al . ApJ.L 　　 337 (1989), L81

10. Long-term X-ray Intensity Variations in Cyg X-2
Power Density Spectrum
1990 era
X-ray Light Curves
1980 era
1970 era
1960 era
Paul et al. Ap.J. 528 (2000), 410

11. Galactic OVII & VIII Map with SSC
MAXI SSC expected counts: counts in 1.5°x1.5° for 2 yr operation. Obs.eff.=0.7
Galactic Soft X-ray Spectra correspond’g to each Sky Region.
Markevitch et al ApJ.
ROSAT all-sky map of CXB
Snowden et al ApJ.

12. AGN Topics
Multiwavelength Simultenous Obs. of ~ 100? AGN’s (Long-term variability of Blazars, Sy etc)
Radio
Opt (MAGNAM etc)
Gamma (GLAST etc)
TeV Gamma (CANGAROO etc)
Connection between BLSy and NLSy and between AGN and BHC
Binary AGNs?
CXB: Fluctuation in All Sky Background < a few % in 1.5x1.5 deg2 < 0.5 mcrab

13. Multi-wavelength Observations of “Blazar”
- Rapid time-variability as short as 1 day
：~ 1016 cm (0.01 pc)
- Wide-band spectra from radio to TeV g-ray：
acceleration up to 1012 eV
Takahashi et al. 2000, ApJL 542, L105
Successful SSC Model
Mrk 421
TeV g
Mrk 421
Inverse
Compton
synchrotron
RXTE (8-15keV)
ASCA(0.5-7keV)
SAX
EUVE
optical
X-ray
GeV-g
radio
TeV-g
1 day

14. R-band and X-ray correlation of N3516
Smoothed R-band
(advanced)
sampling inteval ~ d
Maoz et al. 2002, AJ 124, 1988

15. AGN mass estimation from X-ray variability
Hayashida et al 1998 ApJ 500
AGN
Cyg X-1

16. AGN mass estimation in comprison with Cyg X-1
Hayashida et al 1998 ApJ 500

17. MAXI/ISS Schedule and ISS Science
1992: ISS completion goal in 1982 ?
2000: ISS completion goal in 1992 ?
2003: ISS-JEM-MAXI completion goal in 1996
2008: present ISS-JEM-MAXI completion goal ?
Payloads for ISS (JEM), an omnibus system
=　Schedule is changeable.
=　Science should not become out-of-date.
= Resources & attitude system are restricted.
ASM or Monitor astronomy could be one of reasonable sciences? MAXI is delayed and then Lobster-ISS follows complementarily.

18. Summary
・ Dynamics of Galactic and Extra-galactic Objects: Multi-color Observations.
・ Creation of Data Base for Variable X-ray Sources: Necessity of Continuation of ASM missions.
・ Large Scale Mapping of Diffuse X-ray Sky: Toward better Energy Resolution, Doppler-shift and Absorption etc.
・ MAXI launching time: ready in 2007 with the best ASM sensitivity. But Lobster-ISS will follow complementarily with better sensitivity.

19. Thank you for your
attention.

20. ASCA long-look of Blazars
Appendix B
ASCA long-look of Blazars
ASCA Light Curve
Power Spectra
1 day
Mrk421
Mrk501
1 day
PKS
- Every day flares
: tvar ~ 105 [s]
Steep PSD spectra ( t < tvar)
R ~ ctvard~ 1016 [cm]
Kataoka et al. ApJ 2001
Tanihata et al. ApJ 2001