1. Cellular Respiration
Chapter 2 – pages

2. The route from food to energy
Glucose
Then
With oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
34 ATP made
Without oxygen
Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation)
Alcoholic
Lactic Acid
Goes through Glycolysis
2 ATP made

3. Glycolysis Breaks glucose down into 2 pyruvic acid molecules
Occurs in cytosol
Goes from 6 carbons to 3 carbons

4. Glycolysis 2 ATP invested 4 ATP generated 2 “net” ATP gained
Fast process!
But… runs out of NAD+ rather quickly
Process can’t go further
NAD+ is an enzyme that helps to speed up reactions

6. The route from food to energy
Glucose
Then
With oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
34 ATP made
Without oxygen
Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation)
Alcoholic
Lactic Acid
Goes through Glycolysis
2 ATP made

7. Fermentation Occurs after glycolysis Does not require oxygen
Anaerobic
Many bacteria and protists still live in places where oxygen is absent or not always available, they have developed many anaerobic pathways.
Eukaryotes commonly use two forms – lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation
Switches NADH back into NAD+
Allows glycolysis to continue

8. Alcoholic fermentation
This is from glycolysis
Done by yeast and other microbes
Formula
C6H12O6  → 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO ATP
(Glucose) → (Ethanol) (Carbon Dioxide) (Adenosine Triphosphate)
Makes bread, wine, and other food products

9. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Done in our muscles during rapid exercise!
Makes cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, sour cream and other products
C6H12O6 → 2 CH3 CH(OH)COOH ATP
(Glucose) → (Lactic Acid) (Adenosine Triphosphate)
This is from glycolysis

10. ALCOHOLIC LACTIC ACID

11. The route from food to energy
Glucose
Then
With oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
34 ATP made
Without oxygen
Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation)
Alcoholic
Lactic Acid
Goes through Glycolysis
2 ATP made

12. Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
Aerobic Respiration
After glycolysis
Only in eukaryotes
Require oxygen —aerobic
NOT THE SAME AS REGULAR RESPIRATION!
The overall reaction can be summarised as:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O (+36 ATP)
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

13. Where does aerobic respiration happen?
In the mitochondria!
Mitochondria are organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

14. 2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration
Kreb’s cycle
Pyruvic acid is broken down into CO2 in a series of energy- extracting reactions
Also known as the Citric Acid Cycle
2 ATP are generated

15. 2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration
Electron Transport Chain
Uses high energy electrons from the Kreb’s cycle to convert ADP into ATP
32 ATP are produced

17. Comparing Aerobic Respiration to glycolysis and Fermentation
Glycolysis 2 ATP
Fermentation 0 ATP
Kreb’s Cycle 2 ATP
Electron transport 32 ATP
Anaerobic _________
Aerobic ___________
AEROBIC RESPIRATION is 18 TIMES MORE EFFICIENT!

18. Where to go for energy? Instant energy—glycolysis LESS ATP
Fast energy—fermentation
Slow energy—cellular respiration MOST ATP