1. Pg. 79 Glycolysis

2. Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis
An overview of cellular respiration
Figure 9.6
Electrons
carried
via NADH
Glycolsis
Glucose
Pyruvate
ATP
Substrate-level
phosphorylation
Electrons carried
via NADH and
FADH2
Citric acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation: electron transport and chemiosmosis
Oxidative
Mitochondrion
Cytosol

3. Key Point #1: Glycolysis:
Splitting 0f sugar
Location?
The cytoplasm of the cell (plants and animal cells)

4. Energy investment phase
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
ATP
2 ATP
4 ATP
used
formed
Glucose
2 ATP + 2 P
4 ADP + 4
2 NAD+ + 4 e- + 4 H +
2 NADH
+ 2 H+
2 Pyruvate + 2 H2O
Energy investment phase
Energy payoff phase
4 ATP formed – 2 ATP used
2 NAD+ + 4 e– + 4 H +
Figure 9.8
Key Point #2: Glycolysis consists of two major phases
Energy investment phase
Energy payoff phase
Key Point #3: Glycolysis begins with glucose

5. A closer look at the energy investment phase

6. 2 ATP molecules are invested. Need money to make money!
Dihydroxyacetone
phosphate
Glyceraldehyde-
3-phosphate H OH HO
CH2OH O P
CH2O
CH2 C
CHOH
ATP
ADP
Hexokinase
Glucose
Glucose-6-phosphate
Fructose-6-phosphate
Phosphoglucoisomerase
Phosphofructokinase
Fructose-
1, 6-bisphosphate
Aldolase
Isomerase
Glycolysis 1 2 3 4 5
Oxidative
phosphorylation
Citric
acid
cycle
Figure 9.9 A
2 ATP molecules are invested.
Need money to make money!

7. A closer look at the energy payoff phase

8. 1, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate
2 NAD+
NADH 2
+ 2 H+
Triose phosphate
dehydrogenase
P i P C
CHOH O
CH2 O–
1, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate
2 ADP
2 ATP
Phosphoglycerokinase
3-Phosphoglycerate
Phosphoglyceromutase
CH2OH H
2-Phosphoglycerate
2 H2O
Enolase
Phosphoenolpyruvate
Pyruvate kinase
CH3 6 8 7 9 10
Pyruvate
Figure 9.8 B
4 ATP molecules are produced.
4- 2(energy investment phase)= 2 ATP left!

9. Key Point #4: Glycolysis ends with 2 pyruvate molecules

10. 1, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate
2 NAD+
NADH 2
+ 2 H+
Triose phosphate
dehydrogenase
P i P C
CHOH O
CH2 O–
1, 3-Bisphosphoglycerate
2 ADP
2 ATP
Phosphoglycerokinase
3-Phosphoglycerate
Phosphoglyceromutase
CH2OH H
2-Phosphoglycerate
2 H2O
Enolase
Phosphoenolpyruvate
Pyruvate kinase
CH3 6 8 7 9 10
Pyruvate
Figure 9.8 B

11. End products Key Point #5: Glycolysis summary:
Begin with 1 glucose  end with 2 ATP’s, 2 pyruvates, and 2 NADH’s
Next, pyruvates head straight to the mitochondria!

12. How are the ATP’s made?

13. Substrate-level phosphorylation
Key Point #6: Substrate-level phosphorylation:
Enzymes transfer a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP ATP
Occurs in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
Figure 9.7
Enzyme
ATP
ADP
Product
Substrate P +

14. Timed ten
12:55-1:05
Class wrap-up:
1:05-1:09