1. Start-up for 4/16/14
Create as many words as you can at least three letters long off of the following:
SPECIATION

2. Objectives: Students will
Biology Chapter 16-3, Pgs
The Process of Speciation
Objectives: Students will
A) Define speciation.
B) Identify and define the three types of isolation that leads to speciation.
C) State the six steps to speciation.
D) Summarize how episodic speciation, mass extinction, and biodiversity affects the survival of a species.

3. What is a SPECIES? A) Define speciation. Group of similar organisms
Structurally
biochemically
Can interbreed successfully in nature
Offspring are healthy
Offspring are fertile
(can reproduce)

4. These organisms are not new species…Why?
A) Define speciation.
These organisms are not new species…Why?
Mule
Liger

5. Tigon
Result of male tiger and female lion mating in captivity. Offspring are infertile.
Separated both geographically and ecologically.

6. Liger
Result of male lion and female tiger mating in captivity. Offspring are infertile.

9. 1) Evolution of new species from a single ancestor.
A) Define speciation.
Speciation
1) Evolution of new species from a single ancestor.
2) New species can no longer reproduce with original specie
Results from:
Isolation – 3 types
Geographic, Behavioral, and Temporal

10. Table 23.1a

11. B) Identify and define the three types of isolation that leads to speciation.
Divergent Evolution
Isolated populations of a species evolve independently of each other.
Ex – polar bears and brown bears

12. These squirrels live on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon
These squirrels live on opposite sides of the Grand Canyon. This is an example of divergent speciation.

13. B) Identify and define the three types of isolation that leads to speciation.
African Serval cat
Convergent Evolution
Natural Selection produces analagous (similar) adaptations in different organisms in response to similar environments:
Ears, legs, acute hearing, habitat, and occupy similar niches
American Maned wolf

14. Hawaiian Honeycreepers
An example of adaptive radiation –
evolution of many species from a common ancestor (founder species)
Divergent or convergent?
FOUNDER SPECIES

15. Divergent or convergent?

16. Reproductive Isolation
B) Identify and define the three types of isolation that leads to speciation. .
Reproductive Isolation
results from
Isolating mechanisms
which include
Behavioral Isolation
Geographical Isolation
Temporal Isolation
produced by
produced by
produced by
Behavioral Differences
Physical Separation
Different Mating Times
which result in
Independently Evolving Populations
which result in
Formation of new species

17. Understanding Check
Which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from other subspecies of giraffes?
A available niches
B existing predators
C chromosome number
D available food resources

18. 4. Reproductive isolation occurs 5. Competition continues
C) State the six steps to speciation.
The 6 speciation steps
How does this apply to Darwin's finches?
1. Founders Arrive
2. Isolation occurs
3. Gene pools change
4. Reproductive isolation occurs
5. Competition continues
6. Evolution continues

19. D) Summarize how episodic speciation, mass extinction, and biodiversity affects the survival of a species.
Biodiversity
Variety and abundance of a species in a community.
Ensures specie survival
Example: If the world freezes and 1000 varieties of birds exist =
1000 chances of 1 bird surviving disaster

20. STAR Prep
According to this information, which group demonstrated the greatest biodiversity during the Cretaceous period?
A dinosaurs
B crocodilians
C snakes
D lizards

21. Episodic Speciation Is a sharp climatic shift
D) Summarize how episodic speciation, mass extinction, and biodiversity affects the survival of a species.
Episodic Speciation
Is a sharp climatic shift
Ice age, volcanic eruption, flooding, forest fire….
Results
Mass extinction
New pressures to adapt to new environment
New open niches (habitats)
Opportunity for surviving species to expand

22. D) Summarize how episodic speciation, mass extinction, and biodiversity affects the survival of a species.
Mass Extinction
Is a sharp decrease in number of species in a short time
Affects most species present at that time
Results = extinction and/or drop in speciation
Example
Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction = Dinosaurs

23. Understanding Check – STAR Questions