1. 15
The Urinary System

2. There is No Assignment for this Power Point

3. I. Introduction: A. Parts1) 2) 3) 4)
B. Overall Functions: The blood is modified to produce:
Elimination of:
Nitrogenous wastes
Toxins
Drugs
Kidney
Ureter
Bladder
Urethra

4. Functions of the Urinary System …
2. Regulate Blood Levels of:
Water, which affects Blood Pressure
Electrolytes/ions
H+: To maintain blood pH

5. II. Kidney Anatomy Location: Retroperitoneal = B. Gross Anatomy
At T12 to L3 vertebrae
B. Gross Anatomy
Adrenal Glands
Renal Hilum
Cortex
Medulla
12th rib

6. C. Microscopic Anatomy: The Nephron
Bowman’s Capsule
1. Glomerulus:
2. Renal Tubule:
a. Bowman’s Capsule
Glomerulus
Cortical
nephron
Fibrous capsule
Renal cortex
Collecting
duct
Renal medulla
Renal
cortex
Proximal
convoluted
tubule
Renal pelvis
Glomerulus
Ureter
Distal
convoluted
tubule
Loop
of Henle
Renal
medulla
(a)

7. 3. Nephron …
b. Proximal Convoluted Tubule c. Nephron Loop or Loop of Henle d. Distal Convoluted Tubule
Cortical
nephron
Fibrous capsule
Collecting
duct
Renal
cortex
Proximal
convoluted
tubule
Glomerulus
Ureter
Distal
convoluted
tubule
Loop
of Henle
Renal
medulla
(a)

8. D. Other Microscopic Parts
Collecting Duct
2. Afferent Arteriole  Glomerulus
Renal Artery
Cortical
nephron
Fibrous capsule
Collecting Duct
Collecting
duct
Renal
cortex
Afferent Arteriole
Proximal
convoluted
tubule
Glomerulus
Ureter
Distal
convoluted
tubule
Loop
of Henle
Renal
medulla

9. III. KIDNEY FUNCTIONING:
A. Glomerular Filtration
- Occurs at Glomerulus and Bowman’s Capsule
Review Filtration
Small substances are filtered into Kidney–
Water and solutes– are forced through holes in capillary walls
And Nitrogenous : Urea
2. Large substances stay in the blood:
Proteins and blood cells:

10. B. Tubular Reabsorption =
Locations: Proximal Convoluted Tubule and Nephron Loop, Collecting duct mostly
2. Materials that are reabsorbed:
Water
Glucose
Amino acids
Ions
3. Materials not reabsorbed:
Nitrogenous waste products– Urea, Uric acid, Creatinine

11. C. Tubular Secretion =
Location: Distal Convoluted Tubule and Loop mostly
2. Substances secreted: Hydrogen and potassium ions

12. D. Water Balance 1. Osmotic Gradient of Nephron Loops
2. Collecting Duct
3. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Prevents excessive water loss in urine
Causes the kidney to reabsorb more water

13. Hepatic veins (cut) Inferior vena cava Renal artery Adrenal gland
Renal hilum
Aorta
Renal vein
Kidney
Iliac crest
Ureter
Rectum (cut)
Uterus (part
of female
reproductive
system)
Urinary
bladder
Urethra
(a)
Figure 15.1a