1. Notebook Check #1 and Ear labeling Quiz on Friday
Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 51 Topic: 12.6: Middle Ear Essential Questions: The tympanic reflex is a protective mechanism for hearing, what CAN’T it protect against? Text:
12.6: Middle Ear
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
EQ: The tympanic reflex is a protective mechanism for hearing, what CAN’T it protect against?
Notebook Check #1 and Ear labeling Quiz on Friday

2. Objective
SWU: the parts and functions of the outer, middle, and inner ear SW: identify the parts and function of the middle ear

3. Middle Ear

4. Our Amazing Hearing (4m32s)
P Take 5 bullets

5. Tympanic cavity air-filled space in temporal bone

6. Middle Ear Auditory ossicles
3 small bones that vibrate in response to ear drum
1. Malleus (Hammer)
2. Incus (Anvil)
3. Stapes (Stirrup)
Transmit vibrations between the tympanic membrane and the inner ear
Amplifies the sound waves entering ear

7. Direction of vibrations
Color code with 3 colors
Incus
(Anvil)
Malleus
(Hammer)
Direction of vibrations
Stapes
(Stirrup)
Tympanic membrane
*EXTERNAL EAR

8. Middle Ear Vibrations through auditory ossicles
Tympanic membrane Malleus  Incus Stapes  Oval window of the inner ear

9. Middle Ear
Going from the large area of the tympanic membrane to the small area of oval window causes vibrational forces to concentrate
Amplifies the sound by about 22%

10. How the Ear Works (3m25s) P. 50 Take 3-5 bullets

11. Middle Ear
Tensor tympani and the stapedius muscle are the two muscles in the middle ear
Regulate the movement of the auditory ossicles
When very loud sounds are heard, the muscles contract and reduce the vibration of the ossicles
The amplitude of the sounds is thus decreased
When tensed, the muscle pulls the malleus, tensing the tympanic membrane and damping vibration in the ear ossicles and thereby reducing the perceived amplitude of sounds

12. Middle Ear This is called the tympanic reflex
Elicited in about 1/10 of a second following a loud external sound
Reduces pressure from loud sounds that might otherwise damage the hearing receptors
It CANNOT protect hearing receptors from loud sounds which occur rapidly
Ex: explosion, gun shot

13. Tympanic Reflex 1m42s

14. Auditory Tube Auditory Tube aka Eustachian Tube
Connects middle ear to throat
Helps maintain equal pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane
Necessary for normal hearing
Usually closed by valve-like flaps in throat

15. Auditory Tube Noticeable during rapid change in altitude
Ex: High to low altitude
1. Air pressure on outside of tympanic membrane increases
2. Tympanic membrane is pushed inward, impairing hearing
3. Air will force its way up into the middle ear which equalizes the pressure moving ear drum back into its rightful position
Causes a “popping” sound
Swallowing, yawning, or chewing aid in the opening of the valves and can hasten equalization of air pressure

16. Start/Finish “Now Hear This: Stop Cleaning Your Ears” From Friday

17. 12.6: Middle Ear Infections
Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 53 Topic: 12.6: Middle Ear Infections Essential Questions: What is the major cause of middle ear infections? Text: 457
12.6: Middle Ear Infections
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
What is the major cause of middle ear infections?
Get notebook check
Get practice quiz
(Both due Friday)
Get computer

18. Objective
SWU: the parts and functions of the outer, middle, and inner ear SW: make a tree-map identifying the symptoms, causes, consequences, and effects of otitis media

19. Otitis Media “Ear Infection”
Otitis Media aka “Middle ear infection”
Fluid builds up in middle ear
Breeding ground for bacteria, which causes infection
The mucous membranes that line the auditory tubes connect with the linings of the middle ear which creates a conduit for bacteria infecting the throat or nasal passages
Greater in young children
Usually treated with antibiotics

20. Pg. 52 Otitis Media Symptoms Causes Consequences Treatment
Using legitimate medical websites, Make a tree-map of the symptoms, causes, consequences, and treatment options of otitis media

21. What are some symptoms of otitis media?

22. Symptoms Ear Infection Symptoms
The main warning sign of infection is sharp ear pain.
You may be especially uncomfortable lying down, so you might have a hard time sleeping. Other problems to look for:
Trouble hearing
Fever
Fluid oozing from ears
Dizziness
Stuffy nose

23. What are some causes of otitis media?

24. Causes
Fluid in the Ear
If the Eustachian (auditory) tube gets blocked, fluid builds up inside middle ear.
This makes the perfect breeding ground for bacteria and viruses, which can cause infections.
Your doctor will look inside your ear with an otoscope, which can blow a puff of air to make his eardrum vibrate. If the eardrum doesn’t vibrate as much as it should, chances are there’s fluid inside.

25. Tonsils Can Be the Cause
Sometimes a child’s tonsils get so swollen that they put pressure on the Eustachian tubes connecting her middle ear to her throat -- which then causes infections.
If that keeps happening, the tonsils may have to be taken out

26. What are some consequences of otitis media?

27. Possible Consequences
1. Bursting an Eardrum
If too much fluid or pressure builds up inside your middle ear, the eardrum can actually burst (shown here).
If that happens, you may see yellow, brown, or white fluid draining from the ear.
Although this sounds scary, the eardrum usually heals itself in a couple of weeks.
Unless it happens a lot, your hearing should be fine. The good news is that the pain may suddenly disappear because the hole lets the pressure go

28. 2. Hearing Loss
If ear infections keep coming back, they can scar his eardrums and lead to hearing loss, speech problems, or even meningitis.
If a person suffers from infections often, they might want to have their hearing tested just in case.

29. 3. Mastoiditis Most often caused by a middle ear infection
Infection may spread from the ear to the mastoid bone which fills with infected material and may break down
The condition is most common in children
Before antibiotics, mastoiditis was one of the leading causes of death in children.
The condition does not occur very often today
It is also much less dangerous

30. What are some treatments of otitis media?

31. Treatment Options Antibiotics
Using antibiotics both topical and oral can provide you relief from earache by fighting the infection, as they stop swelling and itching of the ear.

32. Treatment Options
2. Myringotomy- (Myr-ing-otomy) An incision is made in the tympanic membrane
Tympanostomy tubes aka “ear tubes” are Inserted into affected ears during surgery
Form a small tunnel so ears can drain
Tubes usually fall out on their own
Hopefully the child has outgrown the susceptibility to ear infections
*This is only used in cases of chronic ear infections

33. Myringotomy Procedure Pre-op Patient education 3m17s

34. Tympanostomy Tube Surgery 41s

35. Otitis Media Video 4m30s Add notes to your tree map
(Try for at LEAST 5 points!!!)

36. Ch. 12 Taping Time 44: Clinical App 12.3 46: Lab Report 31 (A-C)
47: Lab Report 31 (D-E)
48: External Ear ½ sheet/ Now Hear This
50: Middle Ear BONES ½ sheet