1. Ch. 12 (s.1)
World War I Breaks Out

2. 1. Causes of unrest in Europe
READ 2 DISCOVER
1. Causes of unrest in Europe
Let’s meet the ‘ism’s’ again…
Industrialism
Imperialism
Militarism
Nationalism
Don’t forget about their adopted son, ‘Entangling Alliances’

3. 1. Militarism Social Darwinist attitude Might makes right
READ 2 DISCOVER
1. Militarism
Social Darwinist attitude
Might makes right
War plans “just in case”-advantage to shooting first
Build up of armed forces = arms race
Glorification of the military
Major European leaders believed disputes should be settled on the battlefield

4. READ 2 DISCOVER
1. Imperialism
Imperialist nations already in competition for colonies/resources/markets
REMEMBER: GOD, GOLD, GLORY
Industrialism: competition to be the world’s greatest economy
Point to remember: Germany was locked out of most of the colonies in Africa & the Asia
That pissed them off!

5. 1. Nationalism Each Nation wants… Land Independence
READ 2 DISCOVER
1. Nationalism
Each Nation wants…
Land
Independence
Sovereignty (self-determination)
National pride or loyalty (even for a people of a country that doesn’t exist)
Example: Austria-Hungary occupied Bosnia Herzegovina, but Serbia claimed Bosnia as their own

6. 1. Entangling Alliances Secret Alliances Paranoia, fear, suspicious
READ 2 DISCOVER
1. Entangling Alliances
Secret Alliances
Paranoia, fear, suspicious
Allied Powers: (formerly the Triple Entente)
France/Russia/England/Italy
Central Powers: (formerly the Triple Alliance)
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Turkey, Bulgaria
“The enemy of my enemy is my friend”

7. IDENTIFY
1. Franz Ferdinand
On 6/28/1914, Austro-Hungarian Archduke (heir to throne) who travelled to Bosnian Capital of Sarajevo to try and gain support from the native Bosnians who were pushing for independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire
He was assassinated by Serbian nationalists led by Gavrilo Princip
His assassination was the ‘straw that broke the camel’s back’ & due to ‘entangling alliances’, led to WWI

8. IDENTIFY
2. Gavrilo Princip
Serbian nationalist who successfully shot and killed Ferdinand & his wife in their motorcar and then ran down an embankment to a river where he tried to swallow a cyanide pill but was caught b4 he could commit suicide (spilled the beans on his group & Serbian connection)
His group (The Black Hand), unsuccessfully tried to throw a grenade into Ferdinand’s motorcar earlier in the day, only to have injured the driver. Ferdinand & his wife stopped by the hospital to visit the injured driver & were killed when they got back into their motor car to continue the parade

9. The War Begins…The Straw that Broke the Camel’s Back
NEW STUFF
Chain-reaction
Austria-Hungary sends a list of harsh demands it knows Serbia can’t meet (Serbia meets all but one)
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary (Pan- Slavism)
Germany declares war on Russia and France
England declares war on Germany
WWI begins on August 5th, 1914

10. 2. What were the results of early fighting in the war?
READ 2 DISCOVER
The Allies presented Germany with a big problem…
fighting a 2-front war
Germany’s strategy called for a massive strike against France to knock it out of the war early, leaving Great Britain stranded on the other side of the English Channel. With France & Britain out of the war, Germany could then turn its attention to fighting Russia on the Eastern Front
The Schlieffen Plan called for German forces to avoid the heavily guarded French-German border by invading France through neutral Belgium

11. 3. Why did the war settle into a stalemate?
READ 2 DISCOVER
On Aug. 3rd & 4th, 1914, the Belgian army put up a tough stand, slowing the German advance & allowing British & French troops to rush to Belgium’s aid
The Germans forced the Allies back to the Marne River in Northeastern France
The 1st Battle of the Marne lasted through September of as Germany was pushed back 40 miles (both sides realized that this was not going to be a short war)
With both the Central Powers & Allies throwing massive amounts of troops/arms into battle, it soon became clear that this war would turn into a stalemate

12. 3. (Understanding No Man’s Land) Trench Warfare
DEFINE
As the Germans and Allies (British/French) settled in, a new type of warfare emerged…
Trench warfare
Armies occupied trenches hundreds of miles long stretching along the French/German border from the English Channel to Switzerland
The space between the trenches was known as “No Man’s Land”

13. 2. No Man’s Land Millions wounded/died
DEFINE
2. No Man’s Land
Millions wounded/died
Had to go thru your Barbed wire, land mines, enemy howitzer (artillery) bombardment
Enemy barbed wire
Enemy machine gun fire

14. 6. Battle of the Somme
IDENTIFY
The war remained locked in a stalemate throughout 1915
The Germans launched a huge offensive to try and break through the Allied trenches in the Battle of Verdun near the French town of Verdun in February of 1916
21-hour artillery barrage w/ 1 million German troops advancing on 200,000 French troops (this battle lasted for several months w/no winner) 1 million dead/wounded
The Allies launched a counter offensive near the Somme River in Northern France
4-month battle that began in July of 1916; no/winner; 1.5 million dead/wounded (20,000 killed in the 1st hour of fighting)

15. New Weapons Machine guns Tanks Poison gas Submarines Airplanes
NEW STUFF
New Weapons
Machine guns
Tanks
Poison gas
Submarines
Airplanes

16. 7. Manfred von Richthofen
IDENTIFY
With the use of airplanes, aerial combat became a new theater of modern war
German Baron & skilled airplane pilot (ace) for the Germans (known as the Red Baron)
Reported 80 enemy kills in combat

17. American ‘ace’ pilot with 26 enemy kills in aerial combat
8. Edward Rickenbacker
IDENTIFY
American ‘ace’ pilot with 26 enemy kills in aerial combat