1. Chapter 17
Respiratory System

2. Respiratory System Functions
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Production of sound

3. Respiration External respiration Internal respiration
Cellular respiration or oxidation

4. Respiration
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5. Respiratory Organs and Structures
Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi

6. Respiratory Organs and Structures
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Lungs
Pleura
Mediastinum

7. Respiratory Organs and Structures
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8. The Nasal Cavity Anterior nares or nostrils Nasal septum
Turbinates or nasal conchae bones
Cilia
Olfactory nerve
Sinuses

9. The Pharynx Also called the throat Common passageway for food and air
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Epiglottis

10. The Larynx Also called the voice box Nine fibrocartilaginous plates
Mucous membrane
Glottis

11. The Trachea Also called the windpipe Hyaline cartilage
Mucous membrane and ciliated epithelium
Damage caused by smoking

12. The Trachea
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13. The Bronchi and the Bronchioles
Right and left bronchus
Ciliated epithelium
Hyaline cartilage
Bronchi subdivide into bronchioles
Alveolar sacs (alveoli)

14. The Alveoli Sacs of single-layer epithelial tissue
Surrounded by bed of capillaries
Surfactant
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

15. The Alveoli
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16. The Lungs Separated by the mediastinum and the heart
The apex is the top of each lung; broad lower part is the base
Base rests over the diaphragm
Right lung has three lobes; left lung has two lobes

17. The Lungs
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18. The Pleura
A thin, moist, slippery membrane of tough endothelial cells that covers the lungs
Each lung encased in double-walled sac
Pleurisy
Pleural fluid
Thoracentesis
Pneumothorax

19. The Mediastinum Also called the interpleural space
Located between the lungs
Contains the thoracic viscera

20. Mechanics of Breathing
The exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide
Pulmonary ventilation is called breathing
Due to changes in pressure that occur within the chest cavity
Variation in pressure caused by cellular respiration and mechanical breathing movements

21. The Breathing Process Inhalation/inspiration Exhalation/expiration
Respiratory movements and frequency of respiration

22. Control of Breathing
Neural factors
Chemical factors

23. Lung Capacity and Volume
Tidal volume
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Vital lung capacity

24. Lung Capacity and Volume
Residual volume
Functional residual capacity
Total lung capacity

25. Types of Respiration
Apnea
Dyspnea
Eupnea
Hyperpnea

26. Types of Respiration
Orthopnea
Tachypnea
Hyperventilation

27. Effects of Aging Lung tissue loses elasticity
Rib cage becomes less flexible
Muscle strength decreases
Functioning alveoli decrease

28. Disorders of the Respiratory System - Infectious Causes
Common cold
Pharyngitis
Laryngitis
Sinusitis
Bronchitis and chronic bronchitis

29. Disorders of the Respiratory System - Infectious Causes
Influenza (flu)
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis (TB)
Diphtheria
Pertussis (whooping cough)

30. Disorders of the Respiratory System - Infectious Causes
Anthrax
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

31. Disorders of the Respiratory System - Noninfectious Causes
Rhinitis
Asthma
Athelectasis
Asbestosis
Silicosis
Nasal polyps

32. Disorders of the Respiratory System - Noninfectious Causes
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Cancer of the lung
Cancer of the larynx
Pulmonary embolism
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)