1. Saturated Hydrocabons
Carbon
Saturated Hydrocabons

2. Carbon makes four bonds.

3. Alkanes
When all of the carbon bonds are single bonds, it is called a saturated hydrocarbon.
Single chains of saturated hydrocarbons are Alkanes.

4. IUPAC nomenclature
IUPAC stands for the INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY
It is the accepted form for naming chemicals.
Many compounds have more than one name.
We will accept only IUPAC in this class

5. Naming Alkanes Ending in -ane
Straight chain hydrocarbons, alkanes, are named based on the longest chain of carbons.
The root name for a single carbon in the chain is Meth…
The ending is –ane which indicates all single bonds.

7. Determining the longest chain:
Counting carbons of the longest continuous unbroken chain of carbons.
Bends in the chain do not count as a break.

8. The longest chain may or may not be straight, but it must be continuous. The selection of the longest continuous chain in molecules is illustrated below:

9. How many in the chain and Name that chain!
A. octane
B. octane
C. octane

10. Traits of Alkanes
The more carbons in the chain, the heavier the molecule.
What do you think happens to the boiling point of alkanes as the chain grows larger?

11. Name Molecular Boiling
Formula Point (ºC)
Methane CH
Ethane C2H
Propane C3H
Butane C4H
Pentane C5H
Hexane C6H
Heptane C7H
Octane C8H
Nonane C9H
Decane C10H

12. Cyclic Alkanes Rings formed by the hydrocarbon chain.
The name is based on the number of carbons in the ring.
A is cyclopropane
B is cyclobutane
C is cyclohexane

13. More