1. European Exploration of North America
European competition for power and expansion led to the nation states to explore and colonize North America.
Spain
France
England

2. Spain What was Columbus hoping to discover exploring America?
To discover gold and other profitable resources.

3. The Spanish
The Spanish explored the North American continent for 3 main reasons.
To find riches (Goods)
To spread religion, or Christianity (God)
To expand their empire (Glory)

4. What part of the New World did Spain explore and eventually colonize?
They explored and eventually settled land in present-day Florida, Southwest United States, Mexico, and the islands in the Caribbean.

5. Spanish America

6. What role did Spain’s missionaries play in colonization of New Spain?
King Phillip II
Declared that spreading Catholicism was the main reason for founding new settlements.
Missionaries also taught Native Americans new skills such as making bread and using cattle, horses, tools, and weapons.

7. How did Spain’s colonization attempts impact the Native Americans in the Americas?
Encomienda System
Gave Spanish (encomenderos) power to tax Native Americans or enslave them.
Spread of disease
Forced religious conversion to Catholicism
Colonial Society
Peninsulares: Native Spaniards
Criollos: Americans with Spanish parents
Mestizos: Americans with Spanish and Native American parents
Native Americans: Limited rights (some are slaves)
Africans: Little or no rights (Slaves)

8. Three Types of Spanish Settlements
Pueblos: trade and government
Missions: convert American Indians to Catholicism
Presidios: military forts for protection.

9. Group Discussion
Based on what you know and what we have discussed, were the Spanish successful in meeting their goals in the New World?

10. The Council of the Indies
The Council of the Indies were formed in 1524 to govern the New World from Spain. Pretend they have asked you to write a description of each type of settlement and the economic system of New Spain. You may work in groups to create the descriptions. Also, you must include a description of the encomienda system and how it eventually leads to plantations and slave labor. Use pages in your textbook as a reference.

11. France
France’s adaptive approach to explore and colonize led to trade and cooperation with Native Americans.

12. What Geographical Regions did France explore?
North America
1524: North Carolina to Maine
1534 & 1535: Canada, St. Lawrence River reaching Montreal
1615: Great Lakes
1609: Dutch hired English captain Henry Hudson
New York
Hudson Bay

14. What was France’s motivation for exploring North America?
Searching for a Northwest Passage hoping to find a pathway from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific.
Unsuccessful attempts, but led to more European interest in exploring North America

15. How did France establish trade in North America?
They formed small trading settlements and fishing villages.
Fur trade became profitable around the Great Lakes.
French traded tools, jewelry, and cloth with Native Americans for furs.
Traders lived far from large French settlements, so they adopted many of the Native Americans’ traditions to survive.

16. How did France’s relationship with Native Americans differ from Spain?
France established trade with Indians, while Spain wanted to find gold and convert the Native Americans.
Spain exploited Native Americans by using them for labor.
Spain fought with the Aztecs which led to destruction of the Aztec nation.

17. To what extent did the fur trade lead to the French and Indian War?
The British colonists wanted to move into the Ohio River Valley.
The French fought along side the Native American’s against England and the colonists.

18. In Partners
Discuss the following: What were the differences between Spain’s and France’s methods for colonization?

19. Individual Assignment
Create a graphic organizer comparing and contrasting American exploration and colonization of Spain and France.