1. Immigration/Urbanization

2. Reasons Why Cities Grew
Immigration
Reduction in Farm Jobs
Growth of Industry – more factory jobs

3. Physical changes in the landscape – loss of “green”
Problems Cities Faced
Physical changes in the landscape – loss of “green”
Overcrowding/congestion
Pollution
Lack of public services (poor transportation, sanitation, police, fire)
Tenement housing
Political Machines eh

4. Reasons Why Immigrants Came to America (1880s to 1920)

5. “Old” Immigration “New” Immigration Northern and Western Europe
Southern and Eastern Europe
Protestant
Catholics and Jews
Native English speakers
Spoke no English upon arrival
Assimilated easily
Lived in ethnic “ghettos”; didn’t try to assimilate
Is America a “melting pot” or a “tossed salad” of immigrants? Compare modern day to immigration of the late 19th century?

6. Responses to Immigration
Rise of nativism
Chinese Exclusion Act
U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark (1898)