1. Temperature Differences of Land & Water
Land heats & cools more quickly than water.
Temperature fluxuations for land are greater than water.
N. Hemisphere = 39% land
S. Hemisphere = 19% land.
What does this indicate? 1

2. Temperature Differences with Geography
In California, wind blows mainly from water to land & temperatures stay relatively consistent.
In New York, wind blows mainly from land & temperatures change frequently. 2

3. ascending warm air
descending cold air
SEA BREEZE
descending cold air
ascending warm air
LAND BREEZE

4. Ocean Currents
basic terminology
Gyre = Giant whirl of circular movement in an ocean basin.
Deep currents= Form due to changes in density. Changes in density are due to differences in Temp and salinity.
Surface currents= caused by the friction of the wind blowing over the ocean surface.
Upwelling= Rising of cold water from deeper layers to replace warmer surface water

5. Density
Salinity and Temperature affect density

6. Salinity What is the Salinity of water?
Ocean salinity is generally defined as the salt concentration in sea water

7. Upwelling = Rising of cold water from deeper layers to replace warmer surface water
This brings nutrients to the surface and this creates an excellent food chain for great fisheries!

8. Thermohaline Circulation
Global Conveyor Belt
Also called:
Thermohaline Circulation
Definition:
A constantly moving worldwide circulation of ocean waters driven by temperature and salinity differences. This influences climates around the globe.
As waters near the equator heat up and evaporate, the salinity increases which starts the entire process.
Surface currents tend to be warmer waters which are less dense.
As waters reach the poles they cool down and become more dense which further drives the process.