1. INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT EXPERIMENT – NORTH AMERICA (INTEX-NA)
OBJECTIVES:
To quantify the North American export and import of
(1) atmospheric oxidants and their precursors, (2) aerosols and their precursors, (3) long-lived greenhouse gases
To relate this import/export to surface sources/sinks and to continental boundary layer chemistry
TWO PHASES:
Summer 2004:
active photochemistry, biosphere
aerosol radiative forcing
carbon uptake
Early spring 2006:
maximum Asian inflow
maximum respiration
contrast with summer

2. INTEGRATED OBSERVATIONAL STRATEGY FOR INTEX
SATELLITES
MODELS
AIRCRAFT, SONDES, GROUND
AURA: O3, CO,
H2O,NO, NO2, HNO3,
CH4, HCHO, …
ENVISAT: O3, CO,
CO2, NO2, HCHO,
aerosols…
TERRA/AQUA: CO,
GIFTS: CO, O3
3-D CTM forecasts
and analyses
DC-8 and P-3 aircraft
Design mission to optimize value of combined
satellite/aircraft data set towards addressing mission objectives and testing relevant CTMs; satellite data validation is essential component of process

3. TIMELINE FOR AURA COLLABORATIVE SCIENCE MISSIONS
Validation Instrument Development
Aura operational phase
2006
2003
2004
2005
2007
Intex A
WAM
SOLVE II
Intex B
WAM
TC3/TWP
COBRA
Strat Hi Lat ?
LBA
LBA
NOAA/NE
AVE
AMMA
UT/LS
NACP
ENVISAT
SUMMER 2004 is a window of opportunity for phase A of INTEX:
Coordination with other aircraft missions pursuing synergistic objectives: UT/LS, NOAA/NE, COBRA
Lay foundation for Aura validation (or perhaps first validation?)

4. INTEGRATED OBSERVATIONAL STRATEGY IN TROPOSPHERE: MAPPING OF U. S
INTEGRATED OBSERVATIONAL STRATEGY IN TROPOSPHERE: MAPPING OF U.S. VOC EMISSIONS FROM GOME HCHO
GOME
spectral
fitting
Slant HCHO columns,
July 1996
Aircraft profiles
3-D model profiles
AMF
Vertical columns
3-D model as intermediary
for validation
Validation with in situ data
Model WHCHO vs. Eisoprene
GOME isoprene
emission inventory,
July 1996
Palmer et al. [2002]

5. CAN WE USE GOME TO ESTIMATE NOx EMISSIONS. TEST IN U. S
CAN WE USE GOME TO ESTIMATE NOx EMISSIONS? TEST IN U.S. WHERE GOOD A PRIORI EXISTS
Comparison of GOME retrieval (July 1996) to GEOS-CHEM model fields
using EPA emission inventory for NOx
GOME
GEOS-CHEM
(EPA emissions)
Martin et al. [2002]

6. MOPITT adjusted for bias
MOPITT - TRACE-P - GEOS-CHEM INTEGRATION March 24, 2001 data for CO columns
Colette Heald,
Harvard
MOPITT v2
GEOS-CHEM
MOPITT adjusted for bias

7. MOPITT adjusted for bias
MOPITT - TRACE-P - GEOS-CHEM INTEGRATION March 25, 2001 data for CO columns
Colette Heald,
Harvard
MOPITT v2
MOPITT adjusted for bias
GEOS-CHEM

8. MOPITT adjusted for bias
MOPITT - TRACE-P - GEOS-CHEM INTEGRATION March 26, 2001 data for CO columns
Colette Heald,
Harvard
MOPITT v2
GEOS-CHEM
MOPITT adjusted for bias

9. ROLE OF INTEX IN SATELLITE DATA VALIDATION
If AURA is launched in early 2004, INTEX-NA Phase A may provide a first validation:
Northern midlatitudes profiles – continental and marine – in coordination with AVE
* High ceiling of WB-57 complements DC-8
Even if AURA is delayed beyond early 2004, INTEX-NA Phase A will make a key contribution to NASA integrated observational strategy
Satellite data from ENVISAT, GIFTS, TERRA, AQUA will provide important opportunities for integration and validation, and test validation strategies from AURA
We need to learn how to fuse data from aircraft and satellites in an environment where a priori knowledge is particularly good.
INTEX-NA Phase B (spring 2006) will provide a second stage of AURA validation at northern midlatitudes in coordination with AVE

10. INTEX-NA Phase A MISSION PLAN
Two aircraft
DC-8: continental outflow, transcontinental gradients, convection
P-3: source region characterization, BL/FT exchange
Possible support from WB-57 (AVE):
convective & continental outflow
Coordination with UK Falcon aircraft (UT/LS), NCAR King Air (COBRA), NOAA P-3 (NOAA/NE)
Timing: June-July 2004
Bases of operations: Bangor, Edwards AFB, New Orleans, Wisconsin
Ancillary measurements
Ozonesonde launches, ground-based lidar and in situ measurements
Looking ahead to INTEX-NA Phase B: U.S.-Japan bilateral protocol
(coordinate with Japanese aircraft over W. Pacific)

11. INTEX-NA AIRCRAFT PAYLOAD
DC-8 and P-3:
Remote ozone, aerosol, water vapor
Ozone, CO, CO2, H2O, UV, aerosol chemistry and microphysics, N2O, NOy species, HOx and HOy species , VOCs, sulfur species, ammonia
Important instrument development needs:
Phase A: HOx and HNO3 intercomparison, NH3, improved aerosol chemistry
Toward Phase B: CO lidar, improved HOy and carbonyls