1. Evolutionary history of Biological diversity

3. 2.7 billion yrs ago = oxygen
2.1 billion years ago = eukaryotes
1.7 billion years ago = multicellular euk.
500 million years ago = plants, fungi, animals

4. Gram staining

6. Nitrogen fixation

9. -Eukarytoic
-Mostly unicellular
-Aerobic

10. Endosymbiotic theory

11. Green algae  Land Plants
Evidence:
Similar chloroplasts
Cellulose walls
Peroxisomes
sperm

12. Bryophytes Mosses/liverworts/ hornworts Reproduce using spores
Avascular
Gametophyte is
dom. stage

13. Pteridophytes (ie ferns)
Vascular
No flowers or seeds
Use spores
Sporophyte dom. life cycle
Kind of in between bryophytes and angiosperms/gymnosperms

14. Alternation of generations
2 multicellular stages
-gametophyte (haploid)
-gametes are produced
-sporophyte (diploid)
-fertilization of egg by sperm forms sporophyte

15. Gymnosperms
conifer

16. Angiosperms (flowering)
Monocots
Parallel veins
1 cotyledon (seed leaf)
Dicots/Eudicots
Netlike veins
2 cotyledons

17. Double fertilization

18. mycelium

19. lichens

20. Sponges (parazoa)
Filter feeders

21. Cnidarians
Radial symmetry

22. Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

23. Nematoda (round worms)

24. Molusca

25. Annelida
Segmented worms

26. Arthoropoda
Segmented, exoskeleton
bilateral

27. echinoderm