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Ch. 22 – Plant Diversity
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22-1: Introduction to Plants
Kingdom Plantae: Multicellular eukaryotes Cell walls Cellulose Develop from multicellular embryos Photosynthesis Chlorophyll a & b
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The Plant Life Cycle ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS =
Life cycle in which haploid and diploid generations alternate with each other.
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What do plants need to survive?
Sunlight Water & Minerals Gas exchange Movement of water & nutrients
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From Water to Land 1st plants arose in water for reproduction
Needed to survive on land: more resistant to sunlight water conservation reproduction without water
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Problems Solved! Waxy cuticles Stomata Vascular Tissue
Woody tissue – lignin Pollen Seeds Flowers Fruit
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22-2: Bryophytes Lack vascular tissue Depend on water for reproduction Close to ground due to water transport being done by osmosis Gametophyte is dominant stage
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Examples of groups of Bryophytes:
Mosses Hornworts Liverworts
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Life cycle of Bryophytes
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Reproductive Parts of the Bryophytes
Male Gametophyte Female Gametophyte
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22-3: Seedless Vascular Plants
Sporophyte dominant form Vascular Tissue: Xylem Phloem Transports: Water Nutients Carbs. Cell Types: Tracheids Vessel elements Sieve tube elements Companion cells
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Examples of Seedless Vascular Plants:
Horsetail Club Moss
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Ferns Sori with sporangia
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22-4: Seed Plants ADAPTATIONS Reproduction free from water
Flowers = Angiosperms Cones = Gymnosperms Transfer of sperm Pollination Protection of embryos in seeds ADAPTATIONS
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22-5: Angiosperms – Flowering Plants
Monocots Dicots Seeds 1 cotyledon 2 cotyledons Leaf veins Parallel Branched Flowers 3’s 4’s or 5’s Stems VB scattered VB arranged Roots Fibrous Taproot
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3 Types of Life Spans Annuals = 1 season, garden plants
Biennials = 2 growing seasons, primrose Perrenials > 2 years, grasses
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