1. Kingdom Plantae

2. Kingdom Plantae
Cell type – Eukaryotic cell (Has a nucleus)

3. Multicellular organism It has specialized tissues
Body Form:
Multicellular organism
It has specialized tissues
It has a cell wall made of cellulose

4. Nutrition:
Autotroph
Plants make their own food by photosynthesis

5. Asexual Reproduction: One parent (genetically identical offspring)
There are several ways it can occur:
Plants release spores or seeds
Fragmentation – a piece of a plant is removed and will grow into a new plant.

6. Sexual Reproduction:
An egg and sperm join together to make a zygote (baby)
This zygote grows up to be a plant, which is genetically different from its parents.

8. They have no form of locomotion
Most plants live on land (terrestrial)
Examples: Flowering Plants, Conifers, Ferns, Mosses, liverworts, Horsetails, Seaweeds

9. Kingdom Plantae…continued!
The study of plants is defined as botany.
Plants are believed to have evolved from green algae.

10. Important characteristics of land plants
Plants have developed adaptations to help them live on land. Can you think of some adaptations??

11. 1. They can absorb water, using roots or rhizoids.

12. 2. They can conserve water
2. They can conserve water. They have a waxy layer called cutin or cuticle.

13. 3. Land plants have stomata which are openings in their cuticle, which is used to exchange gases.

14. 4. They have vascular tissue which helps give them support
4. They have vascular tissue which helps give them support. It is also important for moving water and nutrients throughout the plants

15. Two main groups of plants
They are categorized according to the presence or absence of vascular tissue.
Vascular tissue is composed of:
Xylem: This transports water and minerals up the stem of the plant into the leaves.
Phloem: This transports glucose produced by the leaves, during photosynthesis, down the stem and into the roots.

17. Bryophytes These plants DO NOT have vascular tissue.
They lack true roots, stems and leaves.
The gametophyte generation is dominant.
Ex: mosses, liverworts and hornworts.

18. Bryophyte (moss)

19. Bryophyte Adaptations for Life on Land
1. Rhizoids (roots) – absorb water and minerals
2. Cutin – helps conserve water
3. Pores (holes) – oxygen/carbon dioxide are exchanged here
4. Dependent upon water to move sperm to the egg.

20. Tracheophytes They have well-developed vascular tissue.
They have true roots, stems and leaves
Not restricted to moist environments
Ex: horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms and flowering plants.

21. Tracheophyte (fern)

22. Tracheophyte (fern)

23. Tracheophyte - Gymnosperm (fir tree)

24. Tracheophyte - Angiosperm (fruit-bearing)

25. Tracheophyte - Angiosperm (flowering)

26. 3 forms of Tracheophytes
1. Ferns, Whisk Ferns, Club Mosses and Horsetails (seedless):
Water is required for fertilization.
It grows close to the ground so that the sperm can use dew or other temporary sources of water for fertilization.

27. These plants produce seeds in cones.
2. Gymnosperms:
These plants produce seeds in cones.
Water is not needed for fertilization. Sperm is contained inside a pollen grain that is moved by wind and insects
There are over 750 species and they are dominant in cold regions and high altitudes.
Ex: spruce, fir, and pine trees.

28. 3. Angiosperms (Flowering Plants):
These plants produce seeds. Their seeds are enclosed in fruits. The seed is surrounded by a seed coat that will protect and nourish with food.
Water is not needed for fertilization. Sperm is contained inside a pollen grain that is moved by wind and insects.
There are over 250,000 species. These plants are the most dominant plant form on earth.
Ex: grasses, tulips, roses, birch trees, apple trees.

29. Why are angiosperms the most successful plant?
Animals and insects help pollinate them
(i) Presence of brightly colored flowers attracts insects.
(ii) Presence of nectar to attract insects that aid in pollination.

30. 2. Seed coat (fruit) protects and nourishes the embryo 3
2. Seed coat (fruit) protects and nourishes the embryo 3. Seed dispersal also aided by wind 4. Fruit covering the seed aids in dispersal. Animals will eat the fruit and drop the seeds, or the seeds will pass through their digestive systems.

31. Tracheophyte Adaptations for Life on Land
Roots to absorb water
Cutin or cuticle present on leaves to conserve water
Vascular tissue for support and transport
Water is NOT required for the movement from sperm to the egg.