1. Sterilization process
The Decontaminatio n Process
The Assembly & Packaging Process
The Sterilization Process
Quality Assurance

2. The Decontamination Process
Transport : Equipment should be covered and supplies should be moved in covered carts, closed totes or containers, or closed plastic bags.
Attire : Personnel working in the decontamination area should wear protective clothing, which includes a scrub uniform covered by a moisture-resistant barrier, shoe covers, rubber or plastic gloves, and a hair covering, safety goggles and a face mask should be worn in manual cleaning process.
Soaking : soaking of Equipment's and instruments in prober detergents.
Washing : Manual / ultrasonic / washer decontaminator
Inspection : after cleaning, all instruments should undergo inspection before being packaged.

3. Transport

4. Attire

5. Soaking

6. Washing
- Manual Washing

7. Washing
- Ultrasonic Washing: e ultrasonic washer is used to remove fine soil from surgical instruments after manual cleaning and before sterilization.

8. Washing
- Washer decontaminator: the washer/decontaminator is used to clean heat-tolerant items .

9. Inspection
Instruments with cutting should such as scissors be checked for sharpness
Hinged instruments such as clamps should be checked for stiffness and alignment of jaws and teeth

10. The Assembly & Packaging Process
Assembled into sets or trays according to recipe cards that detail instructions for assembling each set or tray.
Items that are prepared for sterilization must be packaged so that their sterility can be maintained to the point of use.
The time between sterilization and use may range from a few minutes to several weeks to many months.

11. Types of Packaging
Textiles

12. Types of Packaging
Non wovens

13. Types of Packaging
Pouch packaging

14. Types of Packaging
Rigid container systems

15. The Sterilization Process
Autoclave: autoclaves are large steel vessels through which steam or another gas is circulated to sterilize medical equipment. The chambers in autoclaves are typically cylindrical, because cylinders are better able to withstand extreme pressures than boxes, whose edges become points of weakness that can break.

16. The Sterilization Process
Steam: Heat destroys microorganisms, but this process is hastened by the addition of moisture. Steam in itself is inadequate for sterilization. Pressure, greater than atmospheric, is necessary to increase the temperature of steam for thermal destruction of microbial life.

17. The Sterilization Process
Ethylene Oxide: Ethylene oxide is used to sterilize items that are heat or moisture sensitive.

18. The Sterilization Process (Others)
Dry Heat: Dry heat is used primarily to sterilize anhydrous oils, petroleum products, and bulk powders that steam and ethylene oxide gas cannot penetrate.

19. The Sterilization Process (Others)
Microwaves: The nonionizing radiation of microwaves produces hyperthermic conditions that disrupt life processes.

20. The Sterilization Process (Others)
Formaldehyde gas
Ozone gas
Chemical solutions
Hydrogen peroxide plasma
Ionizing radiation
“Hydrogen peroxide plasma”

21. Sterile Storage
Sterilized packages should be stored in a manner that reduces the potential for contamination, i.e., clean, dry, and temperature- and traffic-controlled areas. Sterility is event related and sterile items are considered sterile unless damaged or open.

22. Quality Assurance
Sterility assurance of processed instruments should be routinely verified using three types of indicators:
Physical indicators.
Chemical indicators.
Biological Indicators.

23. Quality Assurance
Physical indicators: sterilizers have gauges, thermometers, timers, recorders, and/or other devices that monitor their Test packs (Bowie-Dick test) are run at least daily to monitor functions of each sterilizer, as appropriate. These can identify process errors in packing or loading.

24. Quality Assurance
Chemical indicators: a chemical indicator on a package verifies exposure to a sterilization process. An indicator should be clearly visible on the outside of every on-site sterilized package.

25. Quality Assurance
Biological indicators: biological indicators detect non- sterilizing conditions in the sterilizer. A biologic indicator is a preparation of living spores resistant to the sterilizing agent.