1. Jim Crow & Plessy V. Ferguson
“The slave went free, stood a brief moment in the sun; then moved back again toward slavery.” -- W.E.B Du Bois
Three People Dancing Around Sun
Image: © Images.com/CORBIS
Creator Name: Bob Commander

2. After the Civil War:
Blacks make political and civil gains…
13th Amendment - gave 4.3 million slaves their freedom
14th Amendment - African Americans given citizenship
15th Amendment - African American men given right to vote

3. Most white Southerners resented the new rights of African Americans
But…
Most white Southerners resented the new rights of African Americans
White Southerners chipped away at African Americans rights

4. African Americans Lost Economic Power
40 Acres & a Mule - After slavery, many African Americans thought they would get this, but didn’t
Sharecropping - Instead work on land owned by whites & share profits from crops

5. A VICIOUS CYCLE OF DEBT

6. African Americans Lost Political Power
Poll Tax - had to pay to vote
Literacy Test - Had to read to vote
Grandfather Clause - Could get around 1st 2 if your grandfather could vote

7. Which do you think was a more significant loss, political or economic power?

8. began as customs (de facto), but ended up as laws (de jure)
Jim Crow Laws
What is it?
Segregation
began as customs (de facto), but ended up as laws (de jure)
Named after “Jim Crow” song & dance

9. What parts of society were segregated?
Schools, cemeteries, courts, hospitals, mental institutions, orphanages, prisons, & Bibles to swear on in trials
Segregated Drinking Fountains

10. Plessy vs. Ferguson:
What? Homer Plessey tried to sit in a whites-only train car
How did the Supreme Court Rule? Segregation is ok as long as the facilities are equal
“Separate But Equal”

11. Problem: Example: Whites would never fund black schools equally
Separate But Equal is Never Equal
Example: Whites would never fund black schools equally
Goes against 14th Amendment

12. Jim Crow Violence:
How else did Southern Whites enforce Jim Crow?
Ku Klux Klan - secret terrorist society that beat, raped, and murdered African Americans

13. How else did Southern Whites enforce Jim Crow?
Lynching - a mob puts someone to death without a trial
Between nearly 5000 blacks were lynched
Why?
“incorrect behavior”
economic competition between blacks and whites

14. 1882-1930 Border South Deep South
Florida/ 212 Tennessee/ 174 Arkansas/ 162 Kentucky/ 118 North Carolina/ 75
Deep South
Mississippi/ 462
Georgia/ 423
Louisiana/ 283 Alabama/ 262
South Carolina/ 143

15. Why were the oppressors
not ashamed to
be in these pictures?

18. Jim Crow & Segregation:
How did African Americans resist?
Spoke out against discrimination
Organized boycotts of segregated facilities
Tried to improve segregated facilities
Segregated School

19. At the bus station, Durham, North Carolina, 1940.

20. A rest stop for bus passengers on the way from Louisville, Kentucky to Nashville, Tennessee, with separate entrance for Blacks

21. A sign at bus station, Rome, Georgia. 1943.

22. A highway sign advertising tourist cabins for Blacks, South Carolina

23. Drinking fountain on the courthouse lawn, Halifax, North Carolina. 1938.

24. Movie theater’s "Colored" entrance, Belzoni, Mississippi. 1939.

25. The Rex theater for colored people, Leland, Mississippi. June 1937.

26. Restaurant, Lancaster, Ohio. 1938.

27. Sign above movie theater, Waco, Texas. 1939.

28. Beale Street, Memphis, Tennessee. 1939.

29. WW II jumpstarted the Civil Rights movement in the US
When did it end?
WW II jumpstarted the Civil Rights movement in the US
1954 Brown V. Board of Education declared segregation in schools illegal
Man removes segregation sign 1956

30. Education

31. Is there ever a time when separate treatment IS equal treatment
Is there ever a time when separate treatment IS equal treatment? Consider:
2 students enter a school. One is confined to a wheelchair.
12th graders must pass Algebra in order to graduate. One student has a disability in math.