1. "I would like the Court to be remembered as the people's court"
Earl Warren Court
President Eisenhower nominated Earl Warren as Supreme Court Chief Justice on October 5, Warren served until 1969.
"I would like the Court to be remembered as the people's court"

2. Objective:
Analyze the impact of Warren Court on American society during the second half of the twentieth century.

3. 1. The Warren Court ( )
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Earl Warren –
Expands individual rights.
Legal Protections
Clarifies the Bill of Rights

4. In 1896, the Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v
In 1896, the Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that “separate but equal” facilities for blacks and whites were constitutional.
A Sign at the Greyhound Bus Station, Rome, Georgia

5. Oliver Brown challenged that his daughter, Linda, should be allowed to attend an all-white school near her home instead of the distant all-black school she had been assigned to.
With help from the NAACP, the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka reached the Supreme Court, challenging the constitutionality of Plessy v. Ferguson.
Linda Brown was in the third grade when her father began his class action lawsuit.
Oliver Brown was a welder for the Santa Fe Railroad and a part-time assistant pastor

6. 2. Brown v. Board of Ed: The Decision
Segregation in public schools was unconstitutional
Violated the 14th Amendment
nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person the equal protection of the laws.
Segregated schools were not equal

8. Brown’s lawyer, Thurgood Marshall, argued that “separate” could never be “equal”

9. What eventually happened to Thurgood Marshall?
In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Brown family, and schools nationwide were ordered to be desegregated.
What eventually happened to Thurgood Marshall?

10. First African American to Serve on the U.S. Supreme Court.
Thurgood Marshall ( )
First African American to Serve on the U.S. Supreme Court.

11. He was violating federal law.
· In Little Rock, Arkansas, Gov. Orval Faubus opposed integration.
· In 1957, he called out the National Guard in order to prevent African Americans from attending an all-white high school.
He was violating federal law.

12. The Little Rock Nine

13. Pres. Eisenhower sent troops to Little Rock to escort the students to school
Why did President Eisenhower have to use the military to escort the Little Rock Nine to school?
Members of the 101st US-Airborne Division escorting the Little Rock Nine to school

14. 4. Warren Court: Underlying Principals
-Desegregation
-Rights of the Accused
-Rights of the Individual.

15. 5. Tinker V. Des Moines 1969
Issue: Are students 1st amendment right of freedom of speech protected when in school ?

16. Tinker V. Des Moines 1969
Students Freedom of Expression

17. 6. Tinker V. Des Moines
Ruling: Schools cannot limit a students freedom of speech if it poses no threat or disruption.

18. 7. Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Issues:
May evidence obtained in a search that violated the Fourth Amendment be used in a state court?

19. 8. Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Ruling: all evidence obtained through illegal searches and seizures is inadmissible in state court.

20. 9. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Issue:
Do the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments guarantee a right to legal counsel in all cases?

21. Ruling: Gideon had a right to be represented by a court-appointed
10. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Ruling: Gideon had a right to
be represented by a court-appointed
attorney.
Justice Black: “an obvious truth” that a
fair trial for a poor defendant requires a
competent legal counsel.

22. Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

23. Issue: Did the police practice of interrogating individuals without
11. Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Issue: Did the police practice of
interrogating individuals without
advising them of their right to counsel
and protection against self-incrimination
violate the Fifth Amendment?

25. 12. Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Ruling: Lawyers could not use statements in court that had been made by defendants unless police had advised them of their privilege against self-incrimination.
The Court also specifically outlined what police warnings to suspects must include (right to remain silent, right to counsel present during questioning, etc.)

26. 13. Engel vs. Vitale 1962
Prayer in public schools violated the separation of church and state.