1. MIDDLE EAST CRISES

2. PARTITIONING OF PALESTINE
1947- UN VOTED TO PARTITION PALESTINE TO MAKE WAY FOR THE JEWS WHO WANTED TO SETTLE IN THE AREA AS PART OF THEIR ZIONIST MOVEMENT
MONTHS OF VIOLENCE ERUPTED
MAY JEWS ANNOUNCED THE CREATION OF ISRAEL
David Ben-Gurion became the 1st Prime Minister of Israel
Golda Meir-Israel’s Foreign Minister

3. GAMAL ABDEL NASSER RULER OF EGYPT FROM 1954-1970
SUCCEEDED IN GETTING RID OF BRITISH INFLUENCE AND NATIONALIZED THE SUEZ CANAL
CREATED THE ASWAN HIGH DAM (MAJOR IRRIGATION PROJECT FOR THE UPPER NILE)
CREATED THE PLO IN 1964
SPENT MOST OF HIS YEARS TRYING TO ANNIHALATE THE JEWS AND THE NATION OF ISRAEL
INSTIGATED THE 6-DAY WAR

4. SIX DAY WAR
MAY EGYPT AND SYRIA LAUNCHED A CAMPAIGN AGAINST ISRAEL
NASSER WAS QUOTED “OUR BASIC OBJECTIVE WILL BE THE DESTRUCTION OF ISRAEL. THE ARAB PEOPLE WANT TO FIGHT. WE WILL NOT ACCEPT ANY COEXISTENCE WITH ISRAEL… TODAY THE ISSUE IS NOT THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PEACE BETWEEN THE ARAB STATES AND ISRAEL… THE WAR WITH ISRAEL IS IN EFFECT SINCE 1948.”
JORDAN AND IRAQ ALSO JOINED IN THE WAR RHETORIC
ISRAEL COULD NOT AFFORD TO WAIT FOR AN ARAB ATTACK, THEY HAD TO STRIKE FIRST

5. IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS, 300 EGYPTIAN AIRCRAFT WERE DESTROYED
JUNE 5, ISRAELI AIR FORCE USED ALL BUT 12 FIGHTERS TO LAUNCH A SURPRISE ATTACK ON THE EGYPTIAN AIR FORCE WHILE THEY WERE EATING BREAKFAST
IN LESS THAN 2 HOURS, 300 EGYPTIAN AIRCRAFT WERE DESTROYED
THEN THEY ATTACKED SYRIA, JORDAN AND IRAQ
BY THE END OF THE 1ST DAY, NEARLY THE ENTIRE EGYPTIAN AND JORDANIAN AIR FORCES AND HALF OF SYRIA’S HAD BEEN DESTROYED
AFTER JUST SIX DAYS OF FIGHTING, ISREALI FORCES BROKE THROUGH ENEMY LINES AND WAS IN POSITION TO TAKE THE CAPITALS OF ITS ENEMIES
ISREAL HAD TAKEN THE GOLAN HEIGHTS AND THE SINAI PENINSULA
CASUALTIES-
-ISRAEL- 776 DEAD, 2,586 WOUNDED
ARABS- 15,000 EGYPTIANS, 2,500 SYRIANS, 800 JORDANIANS
ISRAEL HAD CAPTURED ENOUGH TERRITORY TO TRIPLE ITS SIZE (8,000 TO 26,000 SQ. MILES)
ISRAEL CAPTURED THE SINAI PENINSULA, GOLAN HEIGHTS, GAZA STRIP AND WEST BANK

6. Land Taken During Six-Day War

7. Oct. 6, Egypt and Syria launched another surprise attack on Israel on Yom Kippur (holiest day in Jewish calendar)
A force equal to the size of NATO in Europe approached Israel’s borders
At Golan Heights- 180 Israeli tanks vs. 1,400 Syrian tanks
At the Suez Canal- 500 defenders and 3 tanks met 600,000 Egyptian soldiers with 2,000 tanks and 550 aircraft
Yom Kippur War (1973)

9. During this war, Arab oil-producing states placed an oil embargo against the U.S.

10. END OF THE 1973 WAR
Israelis held their ground; backed by U.S. relief supplies (Soviets backed the Arabs)
Worst fighting occurred between Oct. 12th and Oct. 14th
Israeli forces destroyed 250 Egyptian tanks in the 1st two hours of fighting- another humiliating loss for Egypt
By the end of fighting 2, 688 Israeli soldiers had been killed, but the combat deaths for Egypt totaled 7, 700 and Syria had 3, 500

11. MOVING ON TO ANOTHER CRISIS
1974 AND DISENGAGEMENT AGREEMENTS BETWEEN ISRAEL AND EGYPT
1977- ISRAEL UNDER LEADERSHIP OF MENACHEM BEGIN EXTENDED AN INVITATION TO ANWAR SADAT OF EGYPT TO TRADE LAND FOR PEACE
NOV. 19, SADAT BECAME THE 1ST ARAB LEADER TO VISIT ISRAEL
BEGIN WAS PREPARED TO GIVE UP THE SINAI IN EXCHANGE FOR PEACE, BUT NO FIRM AGREEMENT RESULTED

12. CAMP DAVID ACCORDS OCT. 6, 1981- SADAT WILL BE ASSASSINATED
SEPTEMBER 5, 1978
SADAT, BEGIN, CARTER
AGREED ISRAEL WOULD WITHDRAW FROM SINAI WITHIN 3 YEARS
5 YEAR AGREEMENT TO GIVE THE PALESTINIANS IN THE WEST BANK AND GAZA STRIP AUTONOMY
OCT. 6, SADAT WILL BE ASSASSINATED

13. IRANIAN HOSTAGE CRISIS
1979- MILITANT REVOLUTIONARIES SUPPORTIVE OF THE AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI STORMED THE AMERICAN EMBASSY AND CAPTURED 66 HOSTAGES
THEY WERE PROTESTING U.S. SUPPORT OF THE SHAH PAHLAVI- U.S. HAD ALLOWED HIM IN TO THE U.S. FOR MEDICAL TREATMENT
HOSTAGES COULD HAVE BEEN RELEASED WHEN WE TURNED THE SHAH BACK OVER BUT HE DIED WHILE WAITING IN EGYPT

14. HOSTAGES WERE HELD FOR 444 DAYS DESPITE MANY FAILED ATTEMPTS FOR THEIR RELEASE BY CARTER
THEY WERE SET FREE WHILE REAGAN WAS TAKING THE OATH OF OFFICE

15. PERSIAN GULF WAR
SADDAM HUSSEIN INVADED THE COUNTRY OF KUWAIT TO TRIGGER THIS CONFLICT
ONLY 100 HOURS OF GROUND FIGHTING
WE ARE NOW IN OUR 3RD WAR WITH IRAQ
SADDAM HUSSEIN WAS REMOVED FROM POWER