1. Introduction to Statistics for the Social Sciences SBS200, COMM200, GEOG200, PA200, POL200, or SOC200 Lecture Section 001, Spring 2016 Room 150 Harvill Building 9:00 - 9:50 Mondays, Wednesdays & Fridays.
Welcome

2. Lab sessions Everyone will want to be enrolled
in one of the lab sessions
Labs start
Next week

3. Schedule of readings Before next exam (February 12th)
Please read chapters in OpenStax textbook
Please read Appendix D, E & F online On syllabus this is referred to as online readings 1, 2 & 3
Please read Chapters 1, 5, 6 and 13 in Plous
Chapter 1: Selective Perception
Chapter 5: Plasticity
Chapter 6: Effects of Question Wording and Framing
Chapter 13: Anchoring and Adjustment

4. Homework Assignment 3 Go to D2L - Click on “Content”
Click on “Interactive Online Homework Assignments”
HW3-Part1-Sampling Techniques
HW3-Part2-Integrating Methodologies
Due: Monday, January 25th

5. By the end of lecture today 1/2216
Use this as your
study guide
By the end of lecture today 1/2216
Introduction to Project 1
Continuous versus discrete
Levels of Measurement: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio

6. Complete this in the next two weeks and receive extra credit!
In nearly every class we will use clickers to:
answer questions in class and participate in
interactive class demonstrations
We’ll register them on our webpage- then use ‘em!
student.turningtechnologies.com (Please note there is no “www”)
Complete this in the next two weeks and receive extra credit!
(By February 1st)

7. writing assignment forms notebook and clickers to each lecture
Remember bring your
writing assignment forms
notebook and clickers to each lecture ..

8. Continuous versus discrete
Continuous variable: Variables that can assume any value. There are
(in principle) an infinite number of values between any two numbers
Discrete variable: Variables that can only assume whole numbers.
There are no intermediate values between the whole numbers
Duration
Amount of sand
Number of eggs in a carton
Amount of milk in a glass
Height
Number of cookies on a plate
Distance to the moon
Grains of sand
Number of kids in classroom
Number of textbooks required for class

9. Categorical versus Numerical data
Categorical data (also called qualitative data)
- a set of observations where any single observation is a
word or a number that represents a class or category
Numerical data (also called quantitative data)
- a set of observations where any single observation is a
number that represents an amount or count

10. Handedness - right handed or left handed
Categorical data (also called qualitative data) - a set of observations where any single observation is a word or a number that represents a class or category
Numerical data (also called quantitative data) - a set of observations where any single observation is a number that represents an amount or count
Handedness - right handed or left handed
Family size
Hair color
Ethnic group
GPA
Age (Time since birth)
Temperature
(Kelvin)
Yearly salary
Breed of dog
Gender - male or female
Temperature
(Fahrenheit)
Please note this is a binary variable

11. On a the top half of a writing assignment form
Categorical data (also called qualitative data) - a set of observations where any single observation is a word or a number that represents a class or category
Numerical data (also called quantitative data) - a set of observations where any single observation is a number that represents an amount or count
On a the top half of a writing assignment form
please generate two examples of categorical
data and two examples of numerical data
Please note we’ll use the bottom half for something else

12. What are the four “levels of measurement”?
Ratio
Absolute
zero
Most numeric
Categories
Intrinsic
ordering
Equal sized
intervals
Units
meaningful
Interval
Names
Categories
Intrinsic
ordering
Ordinal
Approaching
Numeric
Categories
Least
numeric
Names
Nominal
Weakest

13. What are the four “levels of measurement”?
Categorical data
Nominal data - classification, differences in kind, names of categories
Ordinal data - order, rankings, differences in degree
Numerical data
Interval data - measurable differences in amount, equal intervals
Ratio data - measurable differences in amount with a “true zero”
Gender - male or female
Family size
Jersey number
Place in a foot race (1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc)
Handedness - right handed or left handed

14. What are the four “levels of measurement”?
Categorical data
Nominal data - classification, differences in kind, names of categories
Ordinal data - order, rankings, differences in degree
Numerical data
Interval data - measurable differences in amount, equal intervals
Ratio data - measurable differences in amount with a “true zero”
Age
Hair color
Telephone number
Ethnic group
Breed of dog
Temperature
Yearly salary

15. Please note :
page 29 in text

17. What are the four “levels of measurement”?
Categorical data
Nominal data - classification, differences in kind, names of categories
Ordinal data - order, rankings, differences in degree
Numerical data
Interval data - measurable differences in amount, equal intervals
Ratio data - measurable differences in amount with a “true zero”
Look at your examples of qualitative and quantitative data.
Which levels of measurement are they?

18. Project 1 Likert Scale (summated scale) Correlation (scatterplots) Comparing two means (bar graph)

19. Likert Scale is always a “summated scale” with multiple items.
All items are measuring the same construct. The score reflects the sum of responses on a series of items.
- miniquiz (like Cosmo - ask several questions then sum responses)
- For example, several questions on political views (coded so that larger numbers mean “more liberal”)
1. Lower taxes and a smaller
government will improve the standard of living for all.
agree disagree
2. Marriage should be between one man and one woman
agree disagree
3. Evolution of species has no place in public education
agree disagree

20. I prefer rap music to classical music Agree 1---2---3---4---5 Disagree
Likert Scale is always a “summated scale” with multiple items.
All items are measuring the same construct. The score reflects the sum of responses on a series of items.
Anchored rating scales: a written description somewhere on the scale
I prefer rap music to classical music
Agree Disagree
Fully anchored rating scales: a written description for each point on the scale
I prefer rap music to classical music
Strongly Disagree
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree

21. Likert Scale is always a “summated scale” with multiple items.
All items are measuring the same construct. The score reflects the sum of responses on a series of items.

22. Project 1 Likert Scale (summated scale) Correlation (scatterplots) Comparing two means (bar graph)

23. Scatterplot displays relationships between two continuous variables
Correlation: Measure of how two variables co-occur and
also can be used for prediction
Range between -1 and +1
The closer to zero the weaker the relationship
and the worse the prediction
Positive or negative

24. Positive correlation: as values on one variable go up, so do values
Positive correlation: as values on one variable go up, so do values for the other variable
Negative correlation: as values on one variable go up, the values for the other variable go down
Height of Mothers
by Height of Daughters
Height of Mothers
Positive
Correlation
Height of
Daughters

25. Positive correlation: as values on one variable go up, so do values
Positive correlation: as values on one variable go up, so do values for the other variable
Negative correlation: as values on one variable go up, the values for the other variable go down
Brushing teeth
by number cavities
Brushing Teeth
Negative
Correlation
Number Cavities

26. Thank you!
See you next time!!