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Classical Imperial India: Expansion & Collapse

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Presentation on theme: "Classical Imperial India: Expansion & Collapse"— Presentation transcript:

1 Classical Imperial India: Expansion & Collapse

2 A. The Mauryan Empire (324 b.c.e.–184 b.c.e.)
Agricultural & iron production 2. Mauryan Empire founded by Chandragupta -Kautilya: a Machiavellian Brahmin & advisor -wrote book of political statecraft -network of spies 3. Imperial government: -large army -25% percent tax on all goods

3 5. most famous Mauryan emperor: Ashoka (r. 269–232 b. c. e
5. most famous Mauryan emperor: Ashoka (r. 269–232 b.c.e.) - shaken by carnage in brutal war & converted to Buddhism - inscribed Buddhist policies throughout empire on rocks & pillars ( “rock edicts”) - built extensive roads

4 B. Commerce & Culture The Mauryan empire collapsed in 184 b.c.e. due to: political fragmentation Economic development: creation of guilds & merchants Cultural developments: creation of epic Indian literature: Ramayana Bhagavad Gita

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7 C. The Gupta Empire (320 c.e.–550 c.e.)
1. Gupta Empire conquered north & central India, lead by Chandra Gupta II -iron deposits, state monopolies, 25% agricultural tax army controlled core of empire, but provincial administration left to governors (hereditary) lack of military force created “theater-state” - redistributing wealth from trade & elaborate ceremonies

8 4. Achievements: - math & astronomy - invented our “Arabic” numerals - concept of “zero” - Chinese monk Faxian’s travel journal through Gupta India Women’s rights: NO inheritance or property… treated like lowest varna - married very young - widow may be required to burn herself on her husband’s funeral pyre (sati)

9 6. dominated by Hinduism & classic form of Hindu temples
Gupta India linked by extensive trade networks 550 c.e Gupta empire collapsed under rule of local princes & financial burden of defense against HUNS

10 Extensive Trade: 4th c. spices silks cotton goods rice & wheat spices
Out of India: cotton, rice, wheat, & SPICES Into India: horses, gold, ivory, silk, & spices silks cotton goods rice & wheat spices horses gold & ivory gold & ivory cotton goods

11 500 healing plants identified Printed medicinal guides
Gupta Achievements 1000 diseases classified 500 healing plants identified Printed medicinal guides Kalidasa Literature Plastic Surgery Medicine Inoculations Gupta India C-sections performed Solar Calendar Astronomy Mathematics Decimal System The earth is round PI = Concept of Zero

12 ROMANS, HAN & GUPTA Economic Social Political

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