1. Energy Flow in the Biosphere, Chapter 3-1 & 3-2

2. REMEMBER CELL BIO

3. ________ __________  ___________ ATOMS
INTEREST GRABBER- THINK BACK TO CHAPTER 7
MOLECULES
ORGANELLES
________ __________  ___________
ATOMS
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

4. ____________  ____________ 
CELLS
TISSUES
____________  ____________ 
Similar cells working together
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

5. ___________  __________ ___________
ORGAN SYSTEMS
ORGANS
ORGANISM
___________  __________ ___________
Different tissues working together
Different organs working together
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

6. ___________________________________
ORGANISMS
POPULATIONS
COMMUNITY
___________________________________
SAME SPECIES LIVING TOGETHER
IN AN AREA
Ex: “herd”
DIFFERENT
POPULATIONS
LIVING TOGETHER
IN AN AREA
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall;2006

7. _______________________ _____________
ECOSYSTEMS
BIOMES
BIOSPHERE
_______________________ _____________
All the organisms that
live in a place together
with their NON-living
environment
Group of ecosystems
that have same climate
and similar communities
The portion of the planet
in which all life exists
IMAGE SOURCES: see last slide

8. Organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring = _____________
SPECIES

9. EX: Horse X donkey = mule
EX: Horse X donkey = mule
64 chromosomes
62 chromosomes
63 chromosomes
Horses and donkeys are different species.
If you breed them, the result is a mule
which can NOT have offspring!

10. The portion of the planet in which all life exists = _________________
The scientific study of interactions of organisms with each other and with their environment = ______________
The portion of the planet in which all life exists = _________________
(includes land, water, atmosphere)
ECOLOGY
BIOSPHERE
Extends from about
8 km above the Earth’s surface
to 11 km below the ocean’s surface

11. WHAT SHAPES AN ECOSYSTEM?
BIOTIC FACTORS
__________________
All the living things an
organism interacts with
All the non-living things that
affect an organism
Ex: climate, temperature, sunlight
soil, humidity, wind
ABIOTIC FACTORS
Images from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall

12. HABITAT __________________ = The area where an organism lives
A rattlesnake lives in a desert in the American Southwest
HABITAT

13. NICHE _____________ = place it lives PLUS the
_____________ & ______________
interactions it has in that place
NICHE includes: Where it lives PLUS . . .
What it eats? What eats it?
Where in the habitat it lives? In a tree, in a pond, underground
Its actions… hibernating, migrating, etc When & how it reproduces?
NICHE
biotic
abiotic

14. HABITAT vs NICHE? Habitat is like an address OCCUPATION
HABITAT vs NICHE?
Habitat is like an
organism’s ____________
Niche is like an
organism’s ______________
address
OCCUPATION

15. NO TWO SPECIES CAN SHARE THE SAME NICHE !
Competitive exclusion principle
= ______________________________
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

16. The Earth is SOLAR POWERED!
ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY
The Earth is SOLAR POWERED!
_____________ is the main source of energy for life on Earth.
SUNLIGHT

17. AUTOTROPHS = PRODUCERS Can make their own food
ALL LIVING THINGS USE ENERGY
AUTOTROPHS = PRODUCERS Can make their own food
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Most autotrophs use _______________
to capture solar energy
Main producers on land
= green plants
In water = algae
BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

18. Some autotrophs can make own food in the ____________________
They use energy stored in
________________ of
______________________to produce
carbohydrates = ___________________
Ex: Bacteria that
live in HOSTILE places
Like volcano vents, hot springs,
marshes
absence of light
chemical bonds
INORGANIC MOLECULES
CHEMOSYNTHESIS
BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006

19. HETEROTROPHS = ____________ Get energy from consuming other organisms
CONSUMERS
HETEROTROPHS = ____________ Get energy from consuming other organisms

20. HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS
HERBIVORES
________________ =
eat only plants
eat only animals
eat both plants & animals
CARNIVORES
OMNIVORES

21. HETEROTROPHS = CONSUMERS
DETRITIVORES
________________ =
feed on plant & animal remains
EX: mites, earthworms,
snails, crabs
break down and absorb organic matter
EX: bacteria & fungi
DECOMPOSERS

22. ↑ ↑ CONSUMERS (Heterotrophs) PRODUCERS (Autotrophs)
Energy flows through an ecosystem in a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by being eaten
CONSUMERS (Heterotrophs)
________________
_________________
= _________________ ↑ ↑
PRODUCERS (Autotrophs)
FOOD CHAIN

23. In most ecosystems feeding relationships are more complex
Pearson Education Inc, Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
In most ecosystems feeding relationships are more complex
FOOD WEB
A ______________ links ALL the food chains in an ecosystem together.

24. PRODUCERS FIRST Each step in a food chain or web = _______________
ALWAYS
make up the
________
trophic level.
TROPHIC LEVEL
PRODUCERS
FIRST

25. Lower levels must be bigger to support the level above.
Only about_____ of
the energy from
each level is passed
on.
10%

26. Some energy is used for life processes such as growth, development,
movement,
metabolism,
transport, and
reproduction.
The rest is
lost as ________
HEAT

27. WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ?
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Na+ - K + PUMP Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Animation from:
See a movie
Animation from:

28. WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ?
Movement
Synthesis of biomolecules
Meiosis:
Cilia:
Replication:
Transcription:
Translation:

29. Growth and Development REPRODUCTION
Family image from:

30. SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 3: Analyze how organisms are linked to
one another and the environment.
9-12.L Students are able to identify factors that can cause changes in stability of populations, communities, and ecosystems.
Define populations, communities, ecosystems, niches
and symbiotic relationships.
Predict the results of biotic and abiotic interactions.
Examples:
Dormancy and migration Fluctuation in available resources (water, food, shelter) Biogeochemical cycles Energy flow Cooperation and competition in ecosystems

31. SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE: Indicator 3: Analyze how organisms are linked to one another
and the environment.
9-12.L Students are able to identify factors that can cause changes in stability of populations, communities, and ecosystems.
Define populations, communities, ecosystems, niches and symbiotic relationships.
Predict the results of biotic and abiotic interactions.
Examples:
Fluctuation in available resources (water, food, shelter) Energy flow

32. Core High School Life/Earth Science Performance Descriptors
High school students performing at the ADVANCED level:
predict the effect of an interruption in a given cycles
High school students performing at the
PROFICIENT level:
predict how life systems respond to changes in the environment;
explain how H20, N, C, and O cycle between living and non-living systems;
describe how various factors may affect global climate;
High school students performing at the BASIC level:
given pictorial representations of the H20 and C cycles explain how elements and compounds move between living and nonliving systems
describe one factor that may affect global climate

33. IMAGE BIBLIOGRAPHY
Paint image by Riedell
Paint image by Riedell

34. http://bioweb. wku. edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly