1. Polar Covalent Bonds; Acids and Bases
Bond Moments and Dipole Moments
Formal Charge
Resonance
Bronsted-Lowry Acid/Base
Lewis Acid/Base

2. Pauling Electronegativity Scale

3. Electronegativity Trends Ability to Attract the Electrons in a Covalent Bond

4. Electrostatic Potential Map Cholormethane

6. Opposite polarity in CH3Li

7. Methanol

8. Dipole Moment (m) is sum of the Bond Moments

9. Nonpolar Compounds Bond Moments Cancel Out

10. NCl3 and BCl3

11. Nitromethane

12. Nitromethane has 2 Formal Charges

13. Bonding Pattens for C, N, and O

14. Common Cationic, Neutral and Anionic Forms

15. Both Resonance Structures Contribute to the Actual Structure

16. Dipole Moment reflects Both Resonance Structures

17. Curved Arrow Formalism Shows flow of electrons

18. Resonance Rules Cannot break single (sigma) bonds
Only electrons move, not atoms
3 possibilities:
Lone pair of e- to adjacent bond position
Forms p bond
- p bond to adjacent atom
- p bond to adjacent bond position

19. Resonance Stabilization of Ions Pos. charge is “delocalized”

20. Two Nonequivalent Resonance Structures in Formaldehyde

21. Resonance in [CH2NH2]+

22. Definitions of Acids/Bases

23. Dissociation in H2O Arrhenius Acid forms H3O+ Bronsted-Lowry Acid donates a H+

24. Equilibrium Reactions

25. Measuring Acid Strength Ka

26. Acid Strength defined by pKa

29. Stronger Acid Controls Equilibrium

30. Reaction Described with Arrows

31. Identify the Acid and Base

32. Equilibrium Favors Reactants

33. Resonance in Acetate Anion

34. Resonance Stabilization

35. The Effect of Resonance on pKa

36. Draw the Conjugate Acid and Base

37. Propanol is a Base

38. Draw the Conjugate Acid and Base

39. Propanol is an Acid

40. Some Acid-Base Reactions

42. Carboxylic Acids can be Separated from non-acidic Compounds

43. Lewis Acids and Bases

44. Lewis Acid and Base Reactions

45. Lewis Base = Nucleophile Lewis Acid = Electrophile