1. REVIEW

3. Things to Know– Brain Anatomy
Major regions – know where the structures are and the function
Cerebrum
Diencephalon – hypothalamus and thalamus
Mescenphalon – midbrain
Pons
Cerebellum
Medulla
Corpus Callosum
Fornix
Sulci vs Gyrus
Post-central vs pre-central
Meninges
Ventricles
Pathway of CSF production and circulation

4. Pons

5. What three structures make up the “brain stem” ?
Midbrain, Pons, Medulla

6. Where is CSF produced?
Choroid plexus

7. What do you call the highly branched white matter of the cerebellum?
Arbor Vitae

8. Things to Know – Nervous System & Synapse
CNS vs PNS
Neurons vs Glial cells
Know the glial cells of PNS and CNS
Know the components of a neuron -- be able to label
Know what myelin does and what produces myelin
Salutatory conduction and Nodes of Ranvier
Blood brain barrier
Electrical synapse vs chemical synapse
Release of a neurotransmitter – EPSP vs IPSP
Electrical activity of a neuron
Thresholds & resting potential
Ion channels involved
All-or-None
Recruitment
Depolarization vs Hyperpolarization
Refractory periods

9. The resting potential of a cell is mainly positive or negative?

10. True or False: Hyperpolarization is caused by an influx of Na+

11. What is an interneuron?
Bridges the pathway between sensory and motor information

12. Which type of glial cell makes myelin in the PNS?
Schwann

13. How does the nervous system code for stimulus intensity?
Increasing the number of action potentials or via recruiting activation of other neurons

14. Things to Know – Spinal Cord & Reflexes
Gray matter vs white matter
Dorsal vs lateral vs anterior horn (in terms of function)
Spinal meninges
Reflex arc! Know pathway of (sensory – spinal cord – motor)
Know the cranial nerves by name and function
Know the different plexuses and the nerves that belong to them
DO NOT need to label nerves
Know them by name and function

15. Sensory information is carried to which gray horn of the spinal cord?
Dorsal

16. The sciatic nerve belongs to which plexus?
Sacral

17. Things to Know – Special Senses
Smell / Taste
Organs
Receptors involved
Pathway of activation
Epithelial projections of the tongue
Primary taste perceptions
Vision – Label  Iris, sclera, pupil, palpebrae, cornea, lens
Accessory structures of the eye
Lacrimal apparatus
Tunics and the structures found in each
Muscles of the pupil
Cellular organization of the retina
RODS VS CONES
Visual pathway
Near-sight vs Far sight (refractive problems video)
Auditory - Label – pinna, stapes, incus, malleus, cochlea, semi-circular canals, Vestibule,
Receptors
Pathway
External vs middle vs internal ear structures and functions

18. What is another name for the tympanic membrane?
Ear drum

19. Which photoreceptors detect motion?
Rods

20. Lens

21. Which of the following sensory neurons are the only ones that can regenerate?
Olfactory