1. b. control of neurons; control of neuroglia
The two functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the afferent and efferent divisions. What are their respective functions?
a. control of the central nervous system; control of the peripheral nervous system
b. control of neurons; control of neuroglia
c. sensory input to the CNS; carries motor commands to muscles or glands
d. carries motor commands to muscles or glands; sensory input to the CNS
Answer: c

2. b. stimulate skeletal muscle. c. experience sensory stimuli.
Damage to somatic motor neurons of the efferent division of the PNS would affect the ability to:
a. learn new facts.
b. stimulate skeletal muscle.
c. experience sensory stimuli.
d. remember past events.
Answer: b

3. a. motor neurons; in the anterior horn of the spinal cord
The functional classification of neurons that are responsible for integrating sensory information with motor output are called ______. These neurons are located __________.
a. motor neurons; in the anterior horn of the spinal cord
b. proprioceptors; in skeletal muscles and joints
c. interneurons; almost exclusively in the CNS
d. interoceptors; in the digestive, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems
Answer: c

4. Which of the CNS neuroglial cells function as phagocytic cells?
a. satellite cells
b. microglia
c. oligodendrocytes
d. astrocytes
Answer: b

5. Which type of neuroglia would be found lining the hollow regions of the CNS?
a. astrocytes
b. microglia
c. ependymal cells
d. oligodendrocytes
Answer: c

6. a. at neuromuscular junctions with skeletal muscles
Which of these is NOT a site at which acetylcholine is released at a synapse?
a. at neuromuscular junctions with skeletal muscles
b. at ganglionic neuron-to-neuron synapses in the ANS
c. sometimes at postganglionic synapses in the sympathetic division of the ANS
d. none of the above
Answer: d

7. a. the time involved in calcium influx across the synapse.
The effects of a neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane depend on:
a. the time involved in calcium influx across the synapse.
b. the rate of enzyme inhibition.
c. the properties of the release of neurotransmitter.
d. the type of receptor.
Answer: d

8. Which structure of a neuron is capable of propagating an electrical impulse?
a. dendrite
b. axon
c. cell body
d. perikaryon
Answer: b

9. Norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin are all members of which category of neurotransmitter?
a. hormones
b. biogenic amines
c. amino acids
d. neuropeptides
Answer: b

10. A person you know has experienced sleep problems and prolonged depression. Which neurotransmitter may be in short supply?
a. dopamine
b. any of the opioids
c. acetylcholine
d. serotonin
Answer: d

11. a. axon that propagates at 50 meters per second
One axon propagates action potentials at 50 meters per second; another carries them at 1 meter per second. Which axon is myelinated?
a. axon that propagates at 50 meters per second
b. axon that propagates at 1 meter per second
Answer: a

12. a. Myelinated areas of the axon increase propagation.
Which of the following statements is (are) true with regard to saltatory propagation?
a. Myelinated areas of the axon increase propagation.
b. Only nodes along a myelinated axon can respond to a depolarizing stimulus.
c. Continuous propagation uses less energy, and fewer sodium ions must be pumped out.
d. A and B are correct.
Answer: d